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Learning to Read in Tongues: Writing Poetry for a Trilingual Culture
Yeager, R. F.
R. F. Yeager, ed. Chaucer and Gower: Difference, Mutability, Exchange (Victoria B.C.: University of Victoria, 1991), pp. 115-29.
Most people who could read and write in England in the late fourteenth century were capable of doing so in French, Latin, and English. Gower's nearly 90,000 lines of extant poetry--roughly apportioned into thirds of Anglo-Norman French, Latin, and…
The Seige of Thebes: Lydgate's Canterbury Tale
Allen, Rosamund S.
Julia Boffey and Janet Cowen, eds. Chaucer and Fifteenth-Century Poetry. King's College London Medieval Studies, no. 5 (London: King's College Centre for Late Antique and Medieval Studies, 1991), pp. 122-42.
Reads Seige as an attempt to provide CT with "a sense of closure and completeness" by supplying the tale of Thebes to balance the plot, style, and themes of KnT. The poem capitalizes on the popularity of CT and acknowledges Chaucer's greatness.
Chaucerian Prisoners: The Context of The King's Quair
Boffey, Julia.
Julia Boffey and Janet Cowen, eds. Chaucer and Fifteenth-Century Poetry. King's College London Medieval Studies, no. 5 (London: King's College Centre for Late Antique and Medieval Studies, 1991), pp. 84-102.
Chaucer's various uses of the "structural, rhetorical, and metaphorical possibilities" of prison imagery reflect Boethian thought and influence later medieval English tradition, in particular The King's Quair of James I of Scotland.
Women as Exempla in Fifteenth-Century Verse of the Chaucerian Tradition
Cowen, Janet (M.)
Julia Boffey and Janet Cowen, eds. Chaucer and Fifteenth-Century Poetry. King's College London Medieval Studies, no. 5 (London: King's College Centre for Late Antique and Medieval Studies, 1991), pp. 51-65.
Discusses exemplary use of Medea in classical and medieval traditions, suggesting connections with Boccaccio's De claris mulieribus and Christine de Pisan's Book of the City of Ladies. Also notes comparisons among LGW, Lydgate's versions of the…
Bird Poems from The Parliament of Fowls to Philip Sparrow
Davenport, W. A.
Julia Boffey and Janet Cowen, eds. Chaucer and Fifteenth-Century Poetry. King's College London Medieval Studies, no. 5 (London: King's College Centre for Late Antique and Medieval Studies, 1991), pp. 66-83.
Davenport's survey articulates formal, thematic, and verbal influences of PF and HF on a wide variety of late-medieval English bird poems, also mentioning those in which Chaucer's influence is not apparent.
Chaucer, Chaucerians, and the Theme of Poetry
King, Pamela M.
Julia Boffey and Janet Cowen, eds. Chaucer and Fifteenth-Century Poetry. King's College London Medieval Studies, no. 5 (London: King's College Centre for Late Antique and Medieval Studies, 1991), pp. 1-14.
Surveys the metafictional aspects of TC, HF, and NPT, defining narrative and stylistic self-consciousness as recurrent themes. Henryson, Dunbar, Skelton, and James I of Scotland accomplish similar ends through self-reflexive and intertextual…
On Rereading Henryson's Orpheus and Euridice
Roberts, Jane.
Julia Boffey and Janet Cowen, eds. Chaucer and Fifteenth-Century Poetry. King's College London Medieval Studies, no. 5 (London: King's College Centre for Late Antique and Medieval Studies, 1991), pp. 103-21.
Explores the "moralitas" of Henryson's poem and conjectures that KnT was a "major shaping force" in it.
Moral Pattern in The Testament of Cresseid
Twycross-Martin, Henrietta.
Julia Boffey and Janet Cowen, eds. Chaucer and Fifteenth-Century Poetry. King's College London Medieval Studies, no. 5 (London: King's College Centre for Late Antique and Medieval Studies, 1991), pp. 30-50.
Considers The Testament of Cresseid as a "parallel text" to TC 5, arguing that although Henryson echoes various Chaucerian collocations, techniques, and structures, his counterpointing of fickle and stable earthly love is unlike Chaucer's opposition…
Journey's End: The Prologue to The Tale of Beryn
Brown, Peter.
Julia Boffey and Janet Cowen, eds. Chaucer and Fifteenth-Century Poetry. King's College London Medieval Studies, no. 5 (London: King's College Centre for Late Antique and Medieval Studies, 1991), pp. 143-74.
Examines the details and style of Beryn, arguing that it was written to complete CT and that it capitalizes on several of its narrative and stylistic features. Suggests that Beryn was composed by a monk of Christ Church, Canterbury, perhaps in…
Gower, Chaucer, and Rhyme Royal
Dean, James.
Studies in Philology 88 (1991): 251-75.
In his rhyme-royal poetry, Gower adapted Chaucerian techniques as well as techniques from his own French seven-line poetry. Dean reviews Cinkante balades, Traitie pour essampler les amantz marietz, In Praise of Peace, and Amans's "supplicacioun" from…
'Quha wait gif all that Chauceir wrait was trewe'--Auctor and Auctoritas in 15th Century English Literature
Fichte, Joerg O.
Walter Haug and Burghart Wachinger, eds. Traditionswandel und Traditionsverhalten (Tubingen: Niemeyer, 1991), pp. 61-76.
Chaucer's playful attitude toward authority contrasts Gower's serious one; analogously, Henryson's questioning of Chaucer's authority (Testament of Cresseid) contrasts Lydgate's endorsement of it (Seige of Thebes).
'Mysteriously Come Together': Dickens, Chaucer, and Little Dorrit
Flahiff, F. T.
University of Toronto Quarterly 61 (1991): 250-68.
The theme of rumor connects Dicken's Dorrit with HF; Dickens's Miss Wade capitalizes on Wade and his boat of MerT 1424 and TC 3.614; and Amy Dorrit recalls Dorigen of FranT, although Dorrit is not "so reckless."
Much Ado about Chaucer
Fleissner, Robert F.
Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 92 (1991): 75-81.
Verbal echoes, connections of character, and other allusive possibilities suggest relationships between Shakespeare's Much Ado About Nothing, and TC and parts of CT.
Shakespeare's Romantic Innocents and the Misappropriation of the Romance Past: The Case of The Two Noble Kinsmen
Hillman, Richard.
Shakespeare Survey 43 (1991): 69-79.
Contrasts the characterizations of Theseus and Emily in "The Two Noble Kinsmen" and KnT, focusing on how the play challenges the principles of romance by manipulating Chaucerian material and perspective. Revised slightly as "(Mis)Appropriating the…
Middlemarch: Medieval Discourses and Will Ladislaw
Johnston, Judith.
Sydney Studies in English 15 (1990): 125-39.
Eliot uses Chaucerian epigraphs as part of a narrative strategy that inscribes allegory in an apparently realistic text.
Henryson's 'Tragedie' of Cresseid
McKenna, Steven R.
Scottish Literary Journal 18:1 (1991): 26-36.
Explores Henryson's theory of tragedy and what is "tragic" about Cresseid, arguing for an inversion of the traditionally perceived structure of tragic action. Since Henryson anchors his poem in his audience's knowledge of TC,Cresseid's catastrophe…
The Versification of The Canterbury Tales: A Computer-based Statistical Study, II
Barber, Charles, and Nicolas Barber.
Leeds Studies in English 22 (1991): 57-83.
Indicates the frequency and distribution of pronounced unelided final -e among the parts of speech.
The English Alliterative Tradition
Cable, Thomas.
Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1991.
Disputes the traditional view that the English alliterative poetical tradition was consistent from the seventh through the fifteenth centuries and proposes profound differences between Old English meter, early Middle English meter, and Alliterative…
A Guide to Chaucer's Meter
Glowka, Arthur Wayne.
Lanham, Md., New York, and London: University Press of America, 1991.
Designed as a supplemental textbook for college courses on Chaucer or English prosody; includes brief exercises at the end of each of seven chapters. Introduces the basics of meter and rhythm and analyzes Chaucer's verse in traditional foot…
Meter and Performance in Machaut and Chaucer
Guthrie, Steven (R).
Rebecca Baltzer A., Thomas Cable, and James I. Wimsatt, eds. The Union of Words and Music in Medieval Poetry. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1991, pp. 72-100.
Explores lyric and narrative meters in Provencal poetry, Old and Middle French, and Middle English texts--especially Machaut and Chaucer--showing that a poet's intuitive sense of genre affects verse rhythm more directly than does musical notation. …
Chaucer and Deschamps' 'Natural Music'
Wimsatt, James I.
Rebecca A. Baltzer, Thomas Cable, and James I. Wimsatt, eds. The Union of Words and Music in Medieval Poetry. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1991, pp. 132-50.
Applies Deschamps' concept of natural music (i.e., words in verse, from L'Art de dictier) to Machaut's ballade "Tout ensement," to "The Fair Maid of Ribblesdale," and to Chaucer's Ros, demonstrating how the rhythms of Middle French and Middle English…
The Union of Words and Music in Medieval Poetry
Baltzer, Rebecca A., Thomas Cable, and James I Wimsatt, eds.
Austin: University of Texas Press, 1991.
Five essays, and introduction, and a commentary on accompanying musical selections survey the interdependence of music and poetry in Provencal and medieval French and English: in the troubadour tradition, Old English poetry, French "formes fixes,"…
Glasnost in Middle English Prose, or, How is Modern Text Type Theory Applicable to Medieval Texts?
Markus, Manfred.
Claus Uhlig and Rudiger Zimmerman, eds. Anglistentag 1990 Marburg: Proceedings of the Conference of the German Association of University Professors of English, no. 12 (Tubingen: Niemeyer, 1991), pp. 177-94.
Enumerative disjunctions, emphasizers, repetition, and variation produce the controlled style of CT. Chaucer's two prose tales, ParsT and Mel, have characteristics that are found less in verse (and that modern readers dislike): cohesive redundancy…
A Study of the Final -e in Chaucer
Park, Doo-byung.
Journal of English Language and Literature (Korea) 37 (1991): 761-82.
Compares several theories of Middle English pronunciation, arguing that Chaucer's rhymes require pronunciation of final -e (in Korean with English abstract).
Collections of French Lyrics Chaucer May Have Known
Wimsatt, James I.
Andre Crepin, ed. L'imagination medievale: Chaucer et ses contemporains (Paris: Publications de l'Association des Medievistes Anglicistes de l'Enseignement Superieur, 1991), pp. 33-51.
Analyzes three manuscript collections (Pennsylvania French 15, Westminster Abbey 21, and Bibl. Nat. Nouvelles acquisitions fr. 6221) to infer their late forteenth-century exemplars.