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Chaucer's January and May: Counterparts in Claudian
Donovan, Mortimer J.
Edward Vasta and Zacharias P. Thundy, ed. Chaucerian Problems and Perspectives: Essays Presented to Paul E. Beichner, C. S. C. (Notre Dame, Ind.: Univeristy of Notre Dame Press, 1979), pp. 59-69.
Glosses in Class Alpha mss of Claudian's "De Raptu Proserpinae," which Chaucer could have used at school, explain his description of Pluto and Proserpina as Fairies, his "many a lady" following Proserpina, the terrifying tone of Pluto's "grisely…
Chaucer's Jobs
Carlson, David R.
New York : Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.
Chaucer's occupations--domestic servant, customs agent, justice of the peace, and clerk of the King's Works--shaped his literature, and his "servility" enabled him to become the "father" of English poetry. His biography and his works alike reveal…
Chaucer's Joke Against the Egle: The House of Fame, 1011-1017
Scattergood, John.
Notes and Queries 51.3 (2004): 233-34.
Argues for the adoption of "thy selven" instead of "they shynen" (line 1015) as the "lectio difficilior: and as the reading supported by Oxford, Bodleian Library MS Fairfax 16, the copy-text for most editions of HF.
Chaucer's Joly Absolon
Silar, Theodore I.
Philological Quarterly 69 (1990): 409-17.
The epithet "joly" or "jolif," used seven times to characterize Absolon in MilT, is inadequately translated as "jolly." Chaucer makes use of many Middle English meanings of the word to portray Absolon as "happy and light-hearted, amorous, a…
Chaucer's Journeys in 1368.
Galway, Margaret.
Times Literary Supplement, April 4, 1958, p. 183.
Argues from the evidence of life-records that Chaucer might well have accompanied Prince Lionel to Milan in 1368 when the latter wedded Violanta Visconti. Presents this in support of Ethel Seaton's discussion of PF (Medium Aevum 25.3 [1956]: 168-74)…
Chaucer's Kneeling Friar
Saito, Isamu.
Poetica: An Internatioanl Journal of Linguistic Literary Studies 41 (1994): 51-58.
The two references to kneeling in SumT help create irony. The friar's kneeling in the first half of the tale "forecasts" his "spiritual downfall" in the last scene.
Chaucer's Knight : A Christian Killer?
Barr, Helen.
English Review 12.2: 2-3., 2001.
The GP description of the Knight engages late-medieval questions of war and pacifism, confronting the audience with an "ethical and political dilemma."
Chaucer's Knight and His Tale
Watson, Christopher.
Critical Review 22 (1980): 56-64.
Characterizes the Knight as an "enlightened pragmatist" and interprets various details and stylistic devices of KnT (including "occupatio" and various kinds of opposition) as evidence that the teller is a man who seeks to affirm "ordering principles"…
Chaucer's Knight and Some of His Fellow-Fighters
Mroczkowski, Przemyslaw.
Piero Boitani and Anna Torti, eds. Genres, Themes, and Images in English Literature from the Fourteenth to the Fifteenth Century (Tubingen: Gunter Narr Verlag, 1988), pp. 40-58.
Elucidates the puzzling portrait of the GP Knight by "historical information on chivalry" and especially on knights who went to Prussia as "Crusaders"; modifies opposing views of the Knight (as chivalric ideal or murderous hypocrite).
Chaucer's Knight and the Earl of Warwick
Lester, G. A.
Notes and Queries 226 (1981): 200-202.
Similarities between Chaucer's description of the knight and the descriptions in "Warwick Pageant," a fifteenth-century complimentary biography of the Earl of Warwick, indicate that Chaucer's description contains not irony but praise.
Chaucer's Knight and the Hundred Years War
Sánchez Martí, Jordi.
SELIM: Journal of the Spanish Society for Mediaeval EnglishLanguage and Literature 7: 153-60, 1997.
Characterizes the GP Knight based on his participation in Christian crusades and his worthy "non-involvement" in the Hundred Years War.
Chaucer's Knight and the Knight's Theseus: 'And Though That He Were Worthy, He Was Wys'
Kempton, Daniel.
Journal of Narrative Technique 17 (1987): 237-58.
Having moved in his own life from warfare to pilgrimage, Chaucer's GP Knight depicts Theseus, a conqueror in war at the beginning of his tale, as effecting a solution at the end "by the arts of diplomacy and rhetoric in parliament." Theseus, with…
Chaucer's Knight and the Medieval Tournament
Lester, G. A.
Neophilologus 66 (1982): 460-68.
Chaucer took great care in his descriptions of the Knight's own combats and the combats in KnT to conform to the chivalric norm of his day.
Chaucer's Knight and the Mediterranean
Luttrell, Anthony.
Library of Mediterranean History 1 (1994): 127-60.
The discrepancies in the Knight's military curriculum reflect Chaucer's attempt to represent a desire for peace at home and for the transfer of destructive military activity to distant frontiers in Prussia and the Mediterranean. Luttrell explores…
Chaucer's Knight and the Northern 'Crusades': The Example of Henry Bolingbroke
Kelly, Henry Ansgar.
Ruth Evans, Helen Fulton, and David Matthews, eds. Medieval Cultural Studies: Essays in Honour of Stephen Knight (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2006), pp. 152-65.
Kelly recounts military and political events in Lithuania around 1390-92 involving Roman Catholics, Greek Orthodox Christians, and recent converts. Focuses on the involvement of Henry Bolingbroke and on uses of the word "pagan," as backdrop to…
Chaucer's Knight as 'Persona': Narration as Control
Meier, T. K.
English Miscellany 20 (1969): 11-21.
Reads KnT as an expression of the narrator's pessimistic yet stoic view of human "travails and uncertainties," evident in the prevailing "sense of the insignificance of the major actions" of the plot, and reinforced by grim humor and by the tension…
Chaucer's Knight as Don Quijote
Raffel, Burton.
Notre Dame English Journal 10 (1976): 1-11.
Examines details and reads tonal shifts in the GP description of the Knight (in comparison with the Monk) and in KnT, considering them as evidence of Chaucer's gentle, humorous depiction of chivalry. Neither sharply satiric nor wholly idealistic, KnT…
Chaucer's Knight as Hero and Machaut's 'Prise d'Alexandrie'
Brewer, Derek.
Leo Carruthers, ed. Heroes and Heroines in Medieval English Literature: A Festschrift Presented to Andre Crepin on the Occasion of His Sixty-Fifth Birthday (Woodbridge, Suffolk; and Rochester, N.Y.: D. S. Brewer, 1994), pp. 81-96.
Like Peter of Cyprus, celebrated in Machaut's "Prise," Chaucer's Knight is a hero, his lists of battles showing him to be a Crusader-knight virtuous in devotion to duty. Chaucer deemed the knightly ideal possible in his contemporary world.
Chaucer's Knight as Revisionist Historian: Anachronism in The Knight's Tale
Zilleruelo, Art.
Kathleen A. Bishop, ed. "The Canterbury Tales" Revisited--21st Century Interpretations (Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars, 2008), pp. 194-208.
Reads KnT as "historical narrative constructed upon a foundation of misleading anachronism . . . to lend strength to the potentially objectionable sociopolitical agenda of its narrator."
Chaucer's Knight in Lithuania: British and Polish Critical Assessments
Greenwood, Maria K. S.
Bulletin des Anglicistes Médiévistes 75 (2009): 1-22.
Considers Chaucer criticism rather than praise of the Knight in CT.
Chaucer's Knight, the Alliterative 'Morte Arthure', and the Medieval Laws of War: A Reconsideration
Porter, Elizabeth.
Nottingham Medieval Studies 27 (1983): 56-78
Refutes the view that Chaucer's portrayal of the Knight in CT and the portrait of Arthur in the alliterative 'Morte Arthure' are condemnatory.
Chaucer's Knight, the English Aristocracy and the Crusade
Keen, Maurice.
V. J. Scattergood and J. W. Sherborne, eds. English Court Culture (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1983), pp. 45-61.
Why is the Knight identified with crusades against the infidel at a time when crusading fervor had supposedly dissipated? Evidence from three contemporary disputes over armorial bearings (at one of which Chaucer testified) suggests that the…
Chaucer's Knight: A Man Ther Was
Valentine, Virginia Walker.
Tampa, Fla.: Axelrod, 1994.
Six critical essays by the author on topics ranging from Old English to modern literature. For two essays that pertain to Chaucer, search for Chaucer's Knight: A Man Ther Was under Alternative Title.
Chaucer's Knight: A Man Ther Was
Valentine, Virginia Walker.
Virginia Walker Valentine. Chaucer's Knight: A Man Ther Was (Tampa, Fla.: Axelrod, 1994), pp. 1-23.
Argues from evidence in KnT and GP that Chaucer presents not an idealized figure but a complex, realistic character. Valentine treats the narrative and rhetorical features of KnT and its relations with Boccaccio's "Teseida" as evidence of the…
Chaucer's Knight: The Portrait of a Medieval Mercenary
Jones, Terry.
Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1980. 2d rev. ed., 1985; with new introduction, 1994 (London: Methuen).
Ranging through the history of the Crusades, Jones attempts to prove that Chaucer's Knight is a venal mercenary and Chaucer's means to criticize his contemporary military politics.
