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The Sense of an Ending: The Case of the Dream-Vision
Bridges, Margaret.
Dutch Quarterly Review 14 (1984): 81-96.
Despite the usual closure of the dream-vision form (as in Pearl), some dream visions are open-ended or exhibit surprising or disappointing closure. HF, usually considered unfinished, exhibits features of closure.
Addressing the Bed: Towards a Premodern Poetics of Lost Love
Bridges, Margaret.
Dagmar Wieser, Patrick Labarthe, Jean-Paul Avice, eds. Mémoire et Oubli dans le Lyrisme Européen (Paris: Champion, 2008), pp. 311-41.
Describes the tradition of the rhetorical topos of the abandoned lover's apostrophe to the bed, considering the "gendered" fetishism of Ariadne's address in LGW, the description of Alceste in LGWP, Troilus's address to the empty house in TC, and Dido…
Medieval Narratives of Alexander the Great: Transnational Texts in England and France.
Bridges, Venetia.
Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 2018.
Examines connection between "language and cultural identity" and claims that Chaucer mocks "Alexander's 'storie' as 'commune' "in MkT. Analyzes how Latin, French, and English Alexander narratives were read, and rewritten, in medieval literature…
Chaucer and Gower.
Bridges, Venetia.
Corinne Saunders and Diane Watt, eds. Women and Medieval Literary Culture: From the Early Middle Ages to the Fifteenth Century (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2023), pp. 342-76.
Assesses the "depiction of women as ethical signifiers" in Chaucer's and Gower's writings, summarizing the "multilingual and transnational networks on which both poets draw," exploring the "ethical valences" of gender (especially feminine) in their…
The Clerk
Briggs, Charles F.
Stephen H. Rigby, ed., with the assistance of Alastair J. Minnis. Historians on Chaucer: The "General Prologue" to the "Canterbury Tales" (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014), pp. 187-205.
Presents a variety of historical contexts for Chaucer's characterization of the Clerk, discussing medieval universities, manuscripts from fourteenth-century Oxford, and the role of clerks in medieval society. Includes appendices of "Manuscripts…
Theophany in the 'Miller's Tale'
Briggs, Frederick M.,and Laura L. Howes.
Medium Aevum 65 (1996): 269-79.
MilT develops the theme of "pryvetee," which in Chaucer refers to both human genitalia and divine secrets. Echoes of Exodus and its tradition of commentary reinforce the theme and enable Chaucer to suggest an orientation of the "Tale" as a…
'Chaucer . . . the Story Gives': 'Troilus and Cressida' and 'The Two Noble Kinsmen'
Briggs, Julia Ruth.
Martha W. Driver and Sid Ray, eds. Shakespeare and the Middle Ages: Essays on the Performance and Adaptation of the Plays with Medieval Sources or Settings (Jefferson, N. C.: McFarland, 2009), pp. 161-77.
Briggs describes Shakespeare's "emendation and expansion" of his medieval sources in "Troilus and Cressida" and "The Two Noble Kinsmen," assessing the importance of KnT and TC in Shakespearian work. Also explores how the various medieval influences…
The Malins in Chaucer's Ipswich Ancestry.
Briggs, Keith.
Notes and Queries 264 (2019): 201-2
Challenges the traditional "misleading" explanation of a Chaucer life-record, particularly the uses of the name Malin/a, reopening "the question of the Malin branch of Chaucer's ancestry." Observes that the name is used in RvT
Hamlet and Lameth
Brijak, Vladimir.
N&Q 256 (2011): 247-54.
References to "Lameth" in WBT and SqT comprise links in a sturdy chain connecting the tragic actions of Shakespeare's prince of Denmark to Lamech, a "(pseudo-)biblical figure associated with murder, rage, and vengeance."
The Development and Decline of British Antifraternal Literature
Brim, Constance E.
Dissertation Abstracts International 53 (1992): 156A.
Latin and French antifraternal works preceded English ones, which display a distinctive treaatment of friars as peddlars,as in Chaucer's SumT. In the Renaissance, antifraternal writing gradually disappeared from Britain, along with the friars.
'The Knight's Tale': Against Synthesis
Brimer, Alan.
Journal of Literary Studies/Tydskrif Vir Literaturwetenskap 6 (1990): 333-56.
This Bakhtinian discussion of KnT argues that the "flaws" perceived by earlier critics result from misguided efforts at finding homogeneity in the poem. As a product of a complex literary culture, KnT reflects the culture's "heteroglossia" and…
The Mixed Style of the "Nun's Priest's Tale."
Brindley, D. J.
English Studies in Africa 7 (1964): 148-56.
Demonstrates the "stylistic virtuosity" of NPT, consistent with its "multiple perspective," commenting on the plain style of the widow frame, "cinematic" details in descriptions, the quality and comedy of direct dialogue, the "graver rhetoric of the…
The Rap "Canterbury Tales"
Brinkman, Baba.
Canada : Spin Digital Media, 2004.
Audio recording of hip-hop performance of adaptations of GP (cast as a bus trip), KnT, MilPT, PardPT, WBPT, and Ret (with additional tracks: "Rhyme Renaissance Prologue," "Rhyme Renaissance," and "Dead Poets"). Affiliated website at .
The Rap "Canterbury Tales"
Brinkman, Baba.
Vancouver : Talonbooks, 2006.
Facing-page adaptations of KnT (abridged), MilT, PardT, and WBT, with Middle English and lyrics designed for rap performance. The Middle English text is glossed, and each Tale is accompanied by a brief introduction to the plot. Brinkman's…
Wrestling for the Ram: Competition and Feedback in 'Sir Thopas' and 'The Canterbury Tales'
Brinkman, Baba.
LATCH 3 (2010): 107-33.
Considers patronage and the developing status of the poet in the role of "court maker" in late medieval England, aligning the change with the influence of Italian culture. In his response to Th, the Host represents a courtly "negative feedback loop,"…
The Stylistic Function of ME 'gan' Reconsidered
Brinton, Laurel J.
Sylvia Adamson, and others, eds. Papers from the Fifth International Conference of Historical Linguistics, Cambridge, 6-9, April 1987. Amsterdam Studies in the Theory and History of Linguistic Science, 4th series. Current Issues in Linguistic Theory, no. 65 (Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1990), pp. 31-53.
Uses TC as a tests case to reinforce Otto Funke's argument that "gan" is a structural marker, noting its relations with sequencing adjectives.
Iconic Word Order Patterns in Chaucerian Prose
Brinton, Laurel J.
John Deely and Jonathan Evans, eds. Semiotics 1986 (Lanham, New York, and London: University Press of America, 1987), pp. 3-14.
Delimits "the notion of iconicity in syntax before examining how iconic word order patterns contribute to the 'iconic text interpretation.'" Applies theories to Mel.
'Whilom, As Olde Stories Tellen Us' : The Discourse Marker Whilom in Middle English
Brinton, Laurel J.
A. E. Christa Canitz and Gernot R. Wieland, eds. From Arabye to Engelond: Medieval Studies in Honour of Mahmoud Manzalaoui on His 75th Birthday (Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 1999), pp. 175-99.
Documents the development of whilom from its origins as an Old English adverb, to a discourse marker associated with orality, to an adjective. Although this development does not challenge the "unidirectionality hypothesis of grammaticalization," it…
The Importance of Discourse Types in Grammaticalization : The Case of Anon
Brinton, Laurel J.
Susan C. Herring, Pieter Van Reenan, and Lene Schøsler, eds. Textual Parameters in Older Languages (Amsterdam and Philadelphia: Benjamins, 2000), pp. 139-62.
Traces the development of "anon" from Middle English to Early Modern English, using evidence drawn from TC and elsewhere. A revised version of chaper two of Brinton's Pragmatic Markers in English (Berlin and New York: Gruyter, 1996).
Chaucer's Tale of Melibee: A Reassessment
Brinton, Laurel J.
English Studies in Canada 10 (1984): 251-64.
Identifies three concerns in Mel: being reasonable in worldly affairs, sovereignty and proper cousel as themes, and the role of the tale in the sentence / solaas dynamic in CT. Includes a survey of criticism.
Chaucer's English
British Library.
London: British Library, n.d.
Four connected webpages that introduce Chaucer's language by focusing on the pronunciation and vocabulary of the GP descriptions of the Cook and Shipman, with an audio link, an image from Caxton's first edition, and exercises in vocabulary…
Caxton's Chaucer
British Library.
London: British Library, n.d.
Digital reproduction of William Caxton's two editions of CT that enables onscreen comparison of them, with links to background information on Caxton and print history.
From the "Knight's Tale" to "The Two Noble Kinsmen": Rethinking Race, Class, and Whiteness in Romance.
Britton, Dennis Austin.
postmedieval 6.1 (2015): 64–78.
Establishes how Shakespeare and Fletcher used "images of Africanness to link race and class" in "The Two Noble Kinsmen," and claims this differs from Chaucer's concern with the "racial alterity" and "whiteness" of the Amazonian women in KnT.
The Dido-Aeneas Story from Vergil to Dryden
Britton, Elizabeth Lindsey.
Dissertation Abstracts International 45 (1985): 3642A.
Consider "the two quite different versions of the Dido and Cleopatra stories as they appear in the works of major Latin and English poets, beginning with the commissioning of Virgil's "Aeneid" ca. 29 B.C. and carrying through to the publication of…
Poetic Love.
Broadbent, J. B.
London: Chatto & Windus, 1964.
Studies the Christian and Platonic underpinnings of romantic love in Renaissance drama and poetry, exploring its roots in courtly traditions, and distinguishing it from love depicted by Augustan, Romantic, and modern writers. A section on Chaucer…
