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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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        <element elementId="110">
          <name>Author / Editor</name>
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              <text>Herz, Judith Scherer.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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              <text>Modern Philology 58 (1961): 231-37.</text>
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              <text>Modern Philology 58 (1961)</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
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              <text>Canon's Yeoman and His Tale&#13;
Language and Word Studies</text>
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        <element elementId="109">
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              <text>mea; 9/10/21</text>
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              <text>1961</text>
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                <text>"The Canon's Yeoman's Prologue" and "Tale."</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2835072">
                <text>Claims that CYT "depends on the metaphor of alchemy for both characterization and structure," discussing the Canon's Yeoman as a "fearful, naive, but by no means static" character and exploring the use of vocabulary of literary romance in his materials in combination with varying attitudes to alchemy to produce a "complex sense of the whole personality."</text>
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              <text>Gordon, James D.</text>
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              <text>In MacEdward Leach, ed. Studies in Medieval Literature in Honor of Albert Croll Baugh (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1961), pp. 81-96.</text>
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              <text>Leach, MacEdward, ed.</text>
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              <text>Studies in Medieval Literature in Honor of Albert Croll Baugh.</text>
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              <text>Chaucer's Retractions&#13;
Parson and His Tale&#13;
Manuscripts and Textual Studies</text>
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              <text>mea; 9/10/21</text>
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              <text>1961</text>
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                <text>Chaucer's Retraction: A Review of Opinion.</text>
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                <text>Surveys critics' attempts to correlate Ret with Chaucer's poetic accomplishments, commenting on biographical surmises, textual issues, and thematic concerns such as the putative waning of Chaucer's acuity, clerical influence, the firm linking of Ret and ParsT in the manuscripts, the theme of penance, and/or rejection of worldly attachments. The authenticity of Ret is generally accepted in modern criticism and the poem may reflect Chaucer's "anxiety" or an unresolved tension between his ascetic and humanistic inclinations.</text>
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              <text>Goffin, R. C.</text>
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              <text>Notes and Queries 206 (1961): 246.</text>
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              <text>Notes and Queries 206 (1961)</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2835059">
              <text>House of Fame&#13;
Language and Word Studies&#13;
Romaunt of the Rose</text>
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              <text>mea; 9/10/21</text>
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              <text>1961</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>"Tidings" in the "Hous of Fame."</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Offers evidence from Rom that "tidings" in HF means "tales" rather than "news."</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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        <element elementId="110">
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              <text>Gaylord, Alan.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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              <text>Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters 46 (1961): 571-95.</text>
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        <element elementId="100">
          <name>Journal by Volume Number</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2835050">
              <text>Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters 46 (1961)</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2835051">
              <text>Troilus and Criseyde&#13;
Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations</text>
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              <text>mea; 9/10/21</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2835053">
              <text>1961</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2835046">
                <text>Uncle Pandarus as Lady Philosophy.</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2835047">
                <text>Describes how "the part Pandarus attempts to play" in TC "is intended by Chaucer, though not by Pandarus, as a parody of the philosophical counsel offered to Boethius" in the Consolation of Philosophy. Focuses on the comedy of the "first scene" between Troilus and Pandarus (TC 1.547ff.), arguing that the irony and humor of its parodic elements "prepares the way for the eventual bitterness of Troilus when he must taste the full cup of his woe."</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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        <element elementId="110">
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2835040">
              <text>French, W. H.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2835041">
              <text>Modern Language Notes 76 (1961): 293-95.</text>
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        <element elementId="100">
          <name>Journal by Volume Number</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2835042">
              <text>Modern Language Notes 76 (1961)</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2835043">
              <text>Knight and His Tale&#13;
Language and Word Studies</text>
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        <element elementId="109">
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              <text>mea; 9/10/21</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2835045">
              <text>1961</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>General Prologue 74: Horse or Horses?</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Supports the reading of "hors" as plural in GP 1.74 on the grounds that "goode" in the same line is a plural form that "determines the number of the entire construction."</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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          <name>Author / Editor</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2835032">
              <text>Ericson, Eston Everett.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2835033">
              <text>English Studies 42 (1961): 306.</text>
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        <element elementId="100">
          <name>Journal by Volume Number</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2835034">
              <text>English Studies 42 (1961)</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2835035">
              <text>Language and Word Studies&#13;
Summoner and His Tale</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2835036">
              <text>mea; 9/10/21</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2835037">
              <text>1961</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2835030">
                <text>Pulling Finches and Woodcocks.</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Offers evidence from Thomas Dekker's "The Bel-man of London" (1608) that supports reading "to pull a finch" as "having to do with extortion based upon a trumped-up charge of fornication," hence an accusation against the Summoner (GP 1.652) for extorting money and sharing it with a "female accomplice."</text>
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              <text>Craig, Hardin.</text>
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              <text>In MacEdward Leach, ed. Studies in Medieval Literature in Honor of Albert Croll Baugh (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1961), pp. 97-106.</text>
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              <text>Leach, MacEdward, ed.</text>
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              <text>Studies in Medieval Literature in Honor of Albert Croll Baugh.</text>
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          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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              <text>Troilus and Criseyde&#13;
Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations</text>
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              <text>mea; 9/10/21</text>
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                <text>From Gorgias to Troilus.</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2835022">
                <text>Comments on thematic similarities between Plato's "Gorgias," Boethius's "Consolation of Philosophy," and several of Chaucer's works, observing in TC a particular concern shared by Plato and Boethius: the "futility of earthly existence."</text>
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              <text>Medium Aevum 30 (1961): 33-37.</text>
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              <text>Medium Aevum 30 (1961)</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2835018">
              <text>Man of Law and His Tale&#13;
Language and Word Studies&#13;
Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2835019">
              <text>mea; 9/10/21</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
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                <text>"A Maner Latyn Corrupt."</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2835014">
                <text>Explores parallels between several medieval analogues to Chaucer's use of the phrase "Latyn corrupt" in his description of Constance's language in MLT 2.519--the alliterative "Morte Arthure," the "Etymologiae" of Isidore of Seville (possibly, the ultimate source), John Gower's "Confessio Amantis," Vincent of Beauvais's "Speculum Doctrinale," and "Fouke Fitz Warin."</text>
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              <text>Brosnahan, Leger.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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              <text>Studies in Philology 58 (1961): 468-82.</text>
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        <element elementId="100">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2835009">
              <text>Studies in Philology 58 (1961)</text>
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              <text>Nun's Priest and His Tale&#13;
Canterbury Tales--General&#13;
Manuscripts and Textual Studies&#13;
Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations</text>
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              <text>mea; 9/10/21</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2835012">
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          <element elementId="50">
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              <elementText elementTextId="2835005">
                <text>Does the Nun's Priest's Epilogue Contain a Link?</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2835006">
                <text>Reviews and evaluates discussions of the authenticity of "the six-line continuation and the final couplet of the Nun's Priest's epilogue," agreeing on textual grounds with the "traditional judgment of scholars" that the lines are "inauthentic" and that "should not be admitted as Chaucer's in any discussion of the order" of CT.</text>
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              <text>Bronson, Bertrand H.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2835000">
              <text>Studies in Philology 58 (1961): 583-96.</text>
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          <name>Journal by Volume Number</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2835001">
              <text>Studies in Philology 58 (1961)</text>
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              <text>Merchant and His Tale&#13;
Wife of Bath and Her Tale&#13;
Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations</text>
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              <text>mea; 9/10/21</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2835004">
              <text>1961</text>
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                <text>Afterthoughts on the Merchant's Tale.</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Argues that MerT "was composed before and independent of" MerP, initially addressed orally by Chaucer to a "courtly audience." Such listeners were familiar with the "humorous antifeministic tradition" into which the "senex amans" convention, January's sardonic "panegyric on marriage," the extravagant rhetoric of the wedding feast, and the Proserpina/Pluto debate fit without recourse to a narrating personality. WBP also fits into this tradition.</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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              <text>Borthwick, Sister Mary Charlotte.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>Modern Language Quarterly 22 (1961): 227-35.</text>
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        <element elementId="100">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2834993">
              <text>Modern Language Quarterly 22 (1961)</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2834994">
              <text>Troilus and Criseyde&#13;
Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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              <text>mea; 9/10/21</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2834996">
              <text>1961</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Antigone's Song as "Mirour" in Chaucer's "Troilus and Criseyde."</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2834990">
                <text>Reads Antigone's song (TC 2.827-75) as a "reply to Criseyde's objections to love" which precedes it in the narrative. Much of the song derives from Guillaume de Machaut's "Paradis d'Amour," but its sequence and several ideas mirror Criseyde's earlier ruminations, anticipate "the attitudes toward love which will govern the development of the whole poem," and reflect "the action and imagery of the passages preceding and following it."</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2834983">
              <text>Bonjour, Adrien.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>Essays in Criticism 11 (1961): 121-27.</text>
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          <name>Journal by Volume Number</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2834985">
              <text>Essays in Criticism 11 (1961)</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2834986">
              <text>Friar and His Tale&#13;
Summoner and His Tale&#13;
Style and Versification</text>
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          <name>Source</name>
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              <text>mea; 9/10/21</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2834988">
              <text>1961</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2834981">
                <text>Aspects of Irony in "The Friar's Tale."</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2834982">
                <text>Interprets details of FrT in light of contemporaneous social commentaries to clarify nuances of irony, sarcasm, and criticism of the Summoner.</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="521447">
                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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              <text>Bevington, David M.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2834976">
              <text>Speculum 36 (1961): 288-98.</text>
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        <element elementId="100">
          <name>Journal by Volume Number</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2834977">
              <text>Speculum 36 (1961)</text>
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          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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              <text>House of Fame&#13;
Book of the Duchess</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2834979">
              <text>mea; 9/10/21</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2834980">
              <text>1961</text>
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                <text>The Obtuse Narrator in Chaucer's House of Fame.</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2834974">
                <text>Explores the unity of HF evident in the "evolution of the narrator, Geffrey," arguing that the poem "is essentially a humorous and all-embracing review of man's frantic quest for fame, learning, and love" that follows the educating of [a] drudging love poet" and culminating successfully in "an amusing and incisive revelation of the 'comédie humaine'--an ending of comic disillusionment." Includes comparisons of the narrators in HF and BD.</text>
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              <text>Benson L[arry] D.</text>
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              <text>English Studies 42 (1961): 65-77.</text>
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Style and Versification</text>
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              <text>mea; 9/10/21</text>
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                <text>Chaucer's Historical Present: Its Meaning and Uses.</text>
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                <text>Explores the "stylistic rationale" for Chaucer's uses of the historical present tense, identifying the fundamental "connotation of continuing action" of the grammatical form, and assessing its rhetorical, semantic, and tonal effects in various Chaucerian contexts. Draws examples from throughout Chaucer's corpus, observing 1,345 uses of the verb tense and discussing in them groups.</text>
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              <text>Speculum 36 (1961): 302-07.</text>
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Language and Word Studies&#13;
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                <text>The Grain of Paradise.</text>
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                <text>Assesses previous explanations of the "greyn" placed on the clergeon's tongue in PrT (7.662ff.), including comments on analogues, and suggests that it is best understood as a "grain of paradise," i.e., the seed capsule of Aframomum melegueta (Roscoe), similar to cardamom, used as a medieval medicinal spice.</text>
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              <text>Modern Language Quarterly 22 (1961): 367-76.</text>
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              <text>Modern Language Quarterly 22 (1961)</text>
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              <text>Friar and His Tale&#13;
Summoner and His Tale</text>
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              <text>mea; 9/10/21</text>
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                <text>Baiting the Summoner.</text>
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                <text>Describes how the quarrel between the Friar and Summoner in WBP sets up the vituperative exchange of FrT and SumT, commenting on audience expectations and the motives and techniques of the two narrators, but focusing particularly on the cleverness of the Friar's "baiting" of the Summoner, leaving the latter with the dilemma of choosing between silence and retribution.</text>
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              <text>Baum, Paul F.</text>
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              <text>vii, 144 pp.</text>
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              <text>Style and Versification&#13;
Language and Word Studies&#13;
Canon's Yeoman and His Tale&#13;
Troilus and Criseyde</text>
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                <text>Chaucer's Verse.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2834942">
                <text>Describes Chaucer's metrical line as a "series of five iambs" and the beginning of "modern English verse," and provides examples from across Chaucer's corpus of dominant practices, variations in feet and line-lengths, rhyme patterns, and stanzas. Cautions against modern certainty about Chaucer's prosody but praises the "enrichments" of his "art poetical" in select passages and commends his skillful "freedom" as an aural poet. Treats Chaucer's uses of poetic language ("rhyme," "verse," "cadence," etc.), and in three appendices comments on the "heresy" of treating Chaucer's line as four-beat rather than five-, the unusual poetry of CYPT, and the question of metrical revision in TC.</text>
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              <text>Baugh, Albert C., and E. T. Donaldson.</text>
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              <text>Modern Language Notes 76 (1961): 1-5.</text>
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              <text>Donaldson, E. Talbot.</text>
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              <text>Modern Language Notes 76 (1961)</text>
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              <text>Troilus and Criseyde&#13;
Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations&#13;
Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations</text>
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              <text>mea; 9/10/21</text>
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              <text>1961</text>
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                <text>Chaucer's "Troilus," iv, 1585: A Biblical Allusion?</text>
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                <text>Challenges L. G. Evans' suggestion that TC 4.1585 alludes to Matthew 10.39 (MLN, vol. 74), Baugh arguing that the phrasing is the same as in a common proverb, and Donaldson that the emendation underlying Evans' suggestion ("lyf" for "lief") is untenable.</text>
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              <text>Baugh, Albert C.</text>
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              <text>Language: Journal of the Linguistic Society of America 37 (1961): 539-43.</text>
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              <text>Language: Journal of the Linguistic Society of America 37 (1961)</text>
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Book of the Duchess&#13;
Friar and His Tale</text>
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              <text>mea; 9/10/21</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2834931">
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                <text>Two Middle English Lexical Notes.</text>
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                <text>Offers evidence that "embosed" in BD 352-53 means that the deer "had well concealed itself in a thicket and was not easy to find" and that the meaning of "double worstede" (Friar's cloak; GP 1.262) is worsted fabric of "considerable width."</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2834918">
              <text>Bass, Eben.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2834919">
              <text>College English 23.2 (1961): 145-47.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2834920">
              <text>College English 23 (1961)</text>
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              <text>Troilus and Criseyde</text>
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              <text>mea; 9/10/21</text>
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                <text>Suggests that "traditions of witchcraft" are "the source of some of the language and . . . part of the motivation of the dispute" between the Friar and the Summoner, adducing late-medieval associations of friars and sorcery and the Summoner's diction and references to demons in his rejoinder to the Friar.</text>
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                <text>Describes medieval coins referred to in Chaucer and other Middle English literature, particularly the florin, noble, 'écu' or shield, 'mouton d'or,' and ducat. Comments on the designs, values, and usage of these coins and corrects several misconceptions in literary analysis, particularly confusion between the English ducat and the Italian ducat in discussions of PardT 6.774. Illustrates these coins in two plates.</text>
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Style and Versification</text>
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                <text>Focuses on Chaucer's selection and arrangement of exempla drawn from Jerome's "Adversus Jovinianum" to argue that Dorigen's complaint (4.1367-456) is a "carefully shaped and molded passage of rhetoric designed to illuminate the character of Dorigen, the nature of her marriage, and the Franklin's idea of marriage; and to set the stage, in indecision, for the tale's two succeeding decisions which convey the 'moral'" of FranT.</text>
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Language and Word Studies&#13;
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                <text>Discusses the uses of "familiar 'thou' and polite 'ye'" by the major characters in TC, demonstrating that, in general, Chaucer "observed the mode of his day in the use of the pronoun of address," and offering hypotheses about instances where the characters use "irregularities," especially Pandarus's in his "stratagems." Comments on pronouns of address in Chaucer's sources, and suggests that Pandarus's usage indicates he is a member of the "Lower Nobility."</text>
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                <text>The Man of Law's Merchant-Source.</text>
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                <text>Suggests that the version of the Constance story in the Middle English romance "Emare" may help to account for why in MLP the Man of Law says that he learned the story from a merchant.</text>
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