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              <text>Frese, Dolores Warwick.</text>
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              <text>Juliette Dor, ed.  A Wyf Ther Was: Essays in Honour of Paule Mertens-Fonck (Liege: University of Liege, 1992), pp. 155-66.</text>
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              <text>1992</text>
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              <text>Wyf Ther Was.</text>
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              <text>Wife of Bath and Her Tale.</text>
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              <text>Clerk and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Prioress and Her Tale.</text>
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              <text>Monk and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Second Nun and Her Tale.</text>
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              <text>mea</text>
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                <text>The Names of Women in the Canterbury Tales: Chaucer's Hidden Art of Involucral Nomenclature</text>
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                <text>The tradition of involucrum explains the Second Nun's preoccupation with the name Cecilie, associates the Prioress and the Monk with Abelard, associates the Wife of Bath with Bathsheba, and relates the Clerk's references to Petrarch and "Poo" to Chaucer's celebration of vernacular poetry.  The name-play allows readers the "cooperative option of verbal reconstruction" by which women's names can "be made whole and geometrically visible."</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2781858">
              <text>Weldon, James.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2781859">
              <text>Neophilologus 93 (2009): 703-25.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2781860">
              <text>2009</text>
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          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2781862">
              <text>Manuscripts and Textual Studies.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2781863">
              <text>Clerk and His Tale.</text>
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          <name>Journal by Volume Number</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2781864">
              <text>Neophilologus 93 (2009).</text>
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        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
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              <text>vxl sac 33:21</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2781857">
                <text>The Naples Manuscript and the Case for a Female Readership</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The intended audience of the Naples manuscript was secular females, evidenced by its internal style and content of four romances and inclusion of medical recipes. The advice to wives in ClT points to the instruction of women--and thus to the intended audience.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2710420">
              <text>Nelles, William.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2710421">
              <text>John Deely and Jonathan Evans, eds. Semiotics 1986 (Lanham, New York, and London: University Press of America, 1987), pp. 15-23.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2710422">
              <text>1987</text>
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        <element elementId="108">
          <name>Alternative Title</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2710423">
              <text>Semiotics 1986.</text>
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        <element elementId="112">
          <name>Contributor</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2710424">
              <text>Deely, John,</text>
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              <text>Evans, Jonathan,ed.</text>
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              <text>ed.</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
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              <text>Merchant and His Tale.</text>
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        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
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              <text>jules SAC 11 (187)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2710419">
                <text>The Narrating of Chaucer's 'Merchant's Tale'</text>
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                <text>Reviews interpretations of MerT.  To use Genette's terminology, the Merchant as teller is an "intradiegetic" narrator among other narrators--extradiegetic (Chaucer the pilgrim), hypodiegetic (Justinus, Pluto), hypo-hypodiagetic (Solomon)--whose interactions are at times metaleptic.</text>
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                <text>Analyzing relations among these narrators help reconcile opposed readings and suggests that the tale is what Barthes calls a "multivalent" text, marked by openness and ambiguity.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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        <element elementId="110">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2813985">
              <text>Sato, Tsutomu, ed.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2813986">
              <text>Tokyo: Sairyusha, 2014.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2813987">
              <text>2014</text>
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        <element elementId="99">
          <name>Physical Description</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2813988">
              <text>442 pp.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2813990">
              <text>Canterbury Tales--General</text>
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        <element elementId="109">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2813991">
              <text>mea; 2/25/2017 SAC 38:108</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2813984">
                <text>The Narration of the "Canterbury Tales": Themes and Variations</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Examines various aspects of the narrations in CT, ranging from the use of tropes to the author's political position. In Japanese.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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              <text>Bishop, Ian.</text>
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              <text>London and Melbourne: Everyman's University Library, 1987.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
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              <text>1987</text>
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              <text>Canterbury Tales--General.</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 14 (145)</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2707665">
                <text>The Narrative Art of the "Canterbury Tales": A Critical Study of the Major Poems</text>
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                <text>Reviews various theories about the overall design of CT, warning that individual tales can be ignored, though CT is greater than the sum of its parts, and that Chaucer's final intentions concerning the order of the tales are unknown.  In an analysis unclutttered by modern critical theory, Bishop concentrates upon the "achievement of constituent parts" and examines the settings and contexts for the tales.</text>
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                <text>Under the classification of "gentilesse," he treats KnT, FranT, SqT, and Th; under "harlotrie," MilT, RvT, and ShT; under tales that use exempla, NPT, MkT, and PardT; under the quest for meed, FrT, SumT, and CYT; under "wyves" and the art of persuasion, WBP, WBT, ClT, MerT, and FranT; under "gems of chastity," PhyT and PrT; under "moralite," ManT and NPT.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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              <text>Bishop, Ian.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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              <text>Medium Aevum 36.1 (1967): 15-24.</text>
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        <element elementId="100">
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              <text>Medium Aevum 36 (1967)</text>
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          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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              <text>Pardoner and His Tale&#13;
Prioress and Her Tale&#13;
Reeve and His Tale</text>
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              <text>mea; 4/8/2018</text>
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              <text>1967</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2819008">
                <text>The Narrative Art of the "Pardoner's Tale." </text>
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                <text>Attributes the aesthetic success of the three-rioters account in PardT to Chaucer's suggestive "economy" of characterization and narrative and to the double perspective ("drunken fantasy" and "sober calculation") that irrevocably leads to death, which ironically could not be found when pursued. Includes comparisons with the narrative techniques of PrT and RvT.</text>
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      <description>Items for the Chaucer Database</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="110">
          <name>Author / Editor</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2824826">
              <text>Gordon, Ida L.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2824827">
              <text>F. Whitehead, A. H. Diverres, and F. E. Sutcliffe, eds. Medieval Miscellany Presented to Eugene Vinaver by Pupils, Colleagues and Friends (New York: Barnes &amp; Noble, 1965), pp. 146-56. </text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2824828">
              <text>Troilus and Criseyde&#13;
Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2824829">
              <text>mea; 2/8/2019</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2824830">
              <text>1965</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2824824">
                <text>The Narrative Function of Irony in Chaucer's "Troilus and Criseyde."</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2824825">
                <text>Explains various kinds of irony evident in TC, and argues that the character of Criseyde is not ironic; she is consistent with Chaucer's sources, but "controlled by the manners and ideals of courtly love" even though these ideals are shown to be fallible.</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="521447">
                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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        <element elementId="110">
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2803187">
              <text>Latham, Muriel K.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2803188">
              <text>DAI 34.05 (1973): 2564A.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2803189">
              <text>1973</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
          <description/>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2803191">
              <text>Tale of Sir Thopas</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2803192">
              <text>Tale of Melibee</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="100">
          <name>Journal by Volume Number</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2803193">
              <text>Dissertation Abstracts International 34 (1973)</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2803194">
              <text>mea; 3/13/2015 No SAC</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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      </elementContainer>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2803186">
                <text>The Narrative of 'Sir Thopas' and 'Melibeus': Parallels in the Vices and the Virtues</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2803190">
                <text>Argues that Thop can be read as a didactic narrative that breaks off at the "point most effective for developing the theme of salvation" which is brought to conclusion in Mel. The tales share similar concerns with vice and with the world, the flesh, and the devil.</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="521447">
                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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        <element elementId="110">
          <name>Author / Editor</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2762641">
              <text>Figg, Kristen M.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2762642">
              <text>JEBS 5 : 37-55, 2002.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2762643">
              <text>2002</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2762645">
              <text>Book of the Duchess.</text>
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        <element elementId="100">
          <name>Journal by Volume Number</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2762646">
              <text>Journal of the Early Book Society 05 (2002)</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2762647">
              <text>vxl sac 26:271</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2762640">
                <text>The Narrative of Selection in Jean Froissart's Collected Poems: Omissions and Additions in BN MSS fr. 830 and 831</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2762644">
                <text>Suggests that Froissart's Dit dou bleu chevalier is "a poem so like" BD that it "seems certain one is modeled upon the other" (45).</text>
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          </element>
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  <item itemId="264273" public="1" featured="0">
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="521447">
                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
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      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="110">
          <name>Author / Editor</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2722657">
              <text>Holley, Linda T.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2722658">
              <text>College Language Association Journal 25 (1981): 212-24.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2722659">
              <text>1981</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2722661">
              <text>Troilus and Criseyde.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="100">
          <name>Journal by Volume Number</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2722662">
              <text>College Language Association Journal 25 (1981)</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="2722663">
              <text>CLA Journal 25 (1981).</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2722664">
              <text>jules SAC 06 (168)</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2722656">
                <text>The Narrative Speculum in 'Troilus and Criseyde'</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2722660">
                <text>Pandarus, Antigone, and the nightingale serve as narrative "specula" to influence Chaucer.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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  </item>
  <item itemId="268169" public="1" featured="0">
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="521447">
                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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          </elementContainer>
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      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="110">
          <name>Author / Editor</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2762523">
              <text>Kong, Sung-Uk.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2762524">
              <text>Medieval English Studies 9.1: 133-53, 2001.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2762525">
              <text>2001</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2762528">
              <text>Parliament of Fowls.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="100">
          <name>Journal by Volume Number</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2762529">
              <text>Medieval English Studies 9 (2001)</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2762530">
              <text>vxl</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2762522">
                <text>The Narrative Structure of The Parliament of Fowls</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2762526">
                <text>Explores narrative technique and meaning in PF; shifts in narrative strategies reveal intention.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="2762527">
                <text>In Korean, with Korean and English abstracts.</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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  </item>
  <item itemId="264398" public="1" featured="0">
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="521447">
                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
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      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="110">
          <name>Author / Editor</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2723907">
              <text>Clogan, Paul M.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2723908">
              <text>Medievalia et Humanistica 8 (1977): 217-33.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2723909">
              <text>1977</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2723911">
              <text>Man of Law and His Tale.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="100">
          <name>Journal by Volume Number</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2723912">
              <text>Medievalia et Humanistica 08 (1977)</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2723913">
              <text>jules SAC 05 (151)</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2723906">
                <text>The Narrative Style of the Man of Law's Tale</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2723910">
                <text>The narrative of MLT depends less on organic structure to develop the story than on exemplary episodic narrative sequence.  Lack of descriptive detail is an effect of the narrator's interest in action, and the mode of presentation and the style of the persona of the narrator are deliberate effects of the style of hagiographic romance.</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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        <element elementId="110">
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2844996">
              <text>Irvin, Matthew W.</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2844997">
              <text>Chaucer Review 56.1 (2021): 1-32.</text>
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        <element elementId="100">
          <name>Journal by Volume Number</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2844998">
              <text>Chaucer Review 56.1 (2021)</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2844999">
              <text>Monk and His Tale</text>
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        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2845000">
              <text>SAC 45:139</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2845001">
              <text>2021</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2844995">
                <text>Using Michel de Certeau's idea of the tactic, argues that the Monk represents the monastic estate, and that he uses tragedies to attack the Host, representative of the city, and the Knight, representative of the nobility. Explores the Monk's own relationship to patience and fortune, suggesting that his tragic method positions him as most able to guard against fortune.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2850732">
                <text>The Narrative Tactics of Chaucer's Monk.</text>
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              <text>Sato, Tsutomu.</text>
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              <text>Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations&#13;
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Reeve and His Tale&#13;
Summoner and His Tale&#13;
Friar and Hi Tale&#13;
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                <text>Examines point of view, presentation, plot, and characterization in ShT, MilT, RvT, SumT, and FrT, comparing and contrasting these techniques with those found in Old French fabliaux, and arguing that Chaucer supersedes his predecessors in complexity, characterization, and credibility.</text>
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              <text>Reilly, Robert.</text>
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              <text>University of Portland Review 20.3 [for 21.1] (1969): 23-36.</text>
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                <text>Considers love in TC in light of medieval understandings of "caritas" and "cupiditas," identifying several specifically Christian details in the poem, and assessing tensions between its Christianity and the "religion" of courtly love. Argues that the Narrator "accentuates tensions between the two religions," setting himself up as "sort of anti-pope," but unable to detach himself emotionally from his protagonists. In the end, Chaucer speaks in "propria persona" resolving the tensions produced by the Narrator's ambiguities.</text>
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              <text>Parliament of Fowls&#13;
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                <text>Comments on the tripartite structure of PF, its shifting tone and three styles (religious/philosophical, romantic, realistic), the sad plight of the narrator who is left without love, and the predominance of Nature, the poem's "heroine" who fails to offer fulfillment. Identifies parallels between PF and the "Pervigilium Veneris."</text>
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                <text>There are several contrasts and incongruities in tone, style, and ideas in Chaucer's PF, as for example the naive narrator vs. condescending Scipio, ideal love vs. natural love, the love garden vs. the discordant parliament held therein, courtly language vs. colloquial diciton of the birds.  By creating a comic framework, these jarring juxtapositions help to unify the work in its mockery of all rigid views of human love.</text>
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                <text>The narrator of BD serves a therapeutic role:  he helps the Black Knight talk out his grief and in the process purges himself of his own sorrow.  In light of recent psychological studies, Chaucer's insights into bereavement are astute.  BD warns against abnormal grieving; acceptance of loss and the decision to continue living are essential in avoiding pathological grief.</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2804902">
                <text>The Narrator Asleep and Awake in Chaucer's 'Book of the Duchess'</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2804906">
                <text>Argues that the obtuse narrator's misreading of the Ovidian story of Ceyx and Alcyone in BD misleads him and underlies the poem's general encouragement that people must accept misfortune. The narrator within the dream is not obtuse, but he does not carry his perspicuity into a wakeful state.</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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        <element elementId="110">
          <name>Author / Editor</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2845642">
              <text>Jordan, Robert. M.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2845643">
              <text>ELH 25.4 (1958): 237-57.</text>
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        <element elementId="100">
          <name>Journal by Volume Number</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2845644">
              <text>ELH 25 (1958)</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
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              <text>Troilus and Criseyde</text>
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              <text>mea; 5/18/2024</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2845647">
              <text>1958</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2845640">
                <text>The Narrator in Chaucer's "Troilus."</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2852093">
                <text>Analyzes the narrator of TC as a "dramatic" character--one who is known "by what he says rather than what is said about him"--whose shifting perspectives in the poem inflect readers' opinions of the other characters and their actions. The shifts also compel readers to recognize that the narrator is himself a character--not "a historian or commentator, a master of events, but as a dupe of time, a mortal of little, brief authority" when viewed from the eternal perspective of the poem's envoy. The perspective of the envoy shifts from the narrator's to the poet's.</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="521447">
                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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        <element elementId="110">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2720609">
              <text>Waswo, Richard.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2720610">
              <text>ELH 50 (1983): 1-25.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2720611">
              <text>1983</text>
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          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2720613">
              <text>Troilus and Criseyde.</text>
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          <name>Journal by Volume Number</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2720614">
              <text>ELH 50 (1983)</text>
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        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2720615">
              <text>jules SAC 07 (246)</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2720608">
                <text>The Narrator of 'Troilus and Criseyde'</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2720612">
                <text>The narrator of TC, never overtly separated from the author, implicates and disorients the reader by inconsistencies, variations in person and syntax, seeming self-identification now with Troilus's naivete and now with Pandarus's deviousness, professions of loyalty to his source, the inconclusive elevation of Troilus to the spheres, and the anticlimactic palinode.</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="521447">
                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
                </elementText>
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        <element elementId="110">
          <name>Author / Editor</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2815721">
              <text>Harrington, David V.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2815722">
              <text>Annuale Mediaevale 9 (1968): 85-97.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="100">
          <name>Journal by Volume Number</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2815723">
              <text>Annuale Mediaevale 09 (1968)</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2815724">
              <text>Canon's Yeoman and His Tale</text>
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        <element elementId="109">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2815725">
              <text>mea; 09/15/2017</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2815726">
              <text>1968</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2815719">
                <text>The Narrator of the "Canon's Yeoman's Tale."</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2815720">
                <text>Resists readings of the CYT that regard the narrator as stupid or unwitting in his self-revelation, contending instead that he is a "newly reformed alchemist" who is, generally, "rational, down-to-earth, and persuasive in his description and assessment" of alchemical practices.</text>
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  <item itemId="274464" public="1" featured="0">
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="521447">
                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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        <element elementId="110">
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2826349">
              <text>Sommer, George Joseph.</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2826350">
              <text>Dissertation Abstracts International 25.09 (1964): A3732-33.</text>
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        <element elementId="100">
          <name>Journal by Volume Number</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2826351">
              <text>Dissertation Abstracts International 25 (1964)</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2826352">
              <text>Troilus and Criseyde</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2826353">
              <text>mea; 8/6/2019</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2826354">
              <text>1964</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2826347">
                <text>The Narrator of the "Troilus and Criseyde": A Study of the Prohemia and Epilogue."</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2826348">
                <text>Examines the "compassion" of the narrator of TC as his dominant attitude, "paradoxically allied" to his "helplessness" before "inexorable fate," and modified by his didactic intent, "historical perspective," and "ironic detachment."</text>
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  <item itemId="275274" public="1" featured="0">
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="521447">
                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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        <element elementId="110">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2834222">
              <text>Sommer, George Joseph. </text>
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          <name>Physical Description</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2834223">
              <text>Dissertation Abstracts International 24.09 (1963): n.a.</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="100">
          <name>Journal by Volume Number</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2834224">
              <text>Dissertation Abstracts International 24 (1963)</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2834225">
              <text>Troilus and Criseyde</text>
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              <text>1963</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2834220">
                <text>The Narrator of the Troilus and Criseyde: A Study of the Prohemia and Epilogue.</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2834221">
                <text>Assesses the point of view of the "Narrator" of TC, particularly the ironic combination of detachment and involvement established in the openings of the five books and in the epilogue of the poem.</text>
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