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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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              <text>Louis, Cameron.</text>
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              <text>Proverbium: Yearbook of International Proverb Scholarship 14 (1997): 173-85.</text>
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              <text>1997</text>
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              <text>Language and Word Studies.</text>
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              <text>Proverbium: Yearbook of International Proverb Scholarship 14 (1997)</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 21 - 73</text>
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                <text>The Concept of the Proverb in Middle English</text>
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                <text>The first English citations for the word "proverb" come from Chaucer's works, in which the word appears twenty-six times. Chaucer uses the word primarily in its modern and most common sense of "traditional folk sayings"; however, he also uses it with less common meanings in works such as WBP and Buk.</text>
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              <text>Wawrzyniak, Agnieszka.</text>
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              <text>Danuta Gabrys-Barker, Dagmara Gałajda, Adam Wojtaszek, and Paweł Zakrajewski, eds. Multiculturalism, Multilingualism and the Self (Cham: Springer, 2017), pp. 49-61.</text>
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              <text>Gabrys-Barker, Danuta, ed. &#13;
Gałajda, Dagmara, ed.&#13;
Wojtaszek, Adam, ed.&#13;
Zakrajewski, Paweł, ed.</text>
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              <text>Multiculturalism, Multilingualism and the Self</text>
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              <text>mea; SAC 44:115</text>
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                <text>The Conceptual Construal of "Me Trouthe" in the "Canterbury Tales": The Juxtaposition of Chaucer's and Contemporary English Worldviews.</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Describes uses of the lexemes "trouthe" and "soth" in CT, comparing them with "truth" in present-day English. Shows that, associated with love, light, and wisdom, Chaucer's "trouthe" differs from his "soth": the former resides in an abstract semantic field, dealing with matters of fidelity and promises; the latter, with facticity.</text>
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              <text>Markman, Alan.</text>
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              <text>Annuale Mediaevale 7 (1966): 90-103,</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2820113">
              <text>Annuale Mediaevale 07 (1966)</text>
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              <text>Background and General Criticism</text>
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              <text>mea; 9/19/2018</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
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              <text>1966</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2820109">
                <text>The Concern of Chaucer's Poetry.</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Comments on Chaucer criticism produced between 1950 and 1964 and, treating Chaucer's work as a "single fiction," reads it as a "complex examination of what it means to love" in earthly and spiritual ways. An "abyss exists between" the two kinds of love, but "one can go from here thither."</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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              <text>Presson, Robert K.</text>
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              <text>Notes and Queries 205 (1960): 17-18.</text>
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              <text>Notes and Queries 205 (1960)</text>
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              <text>Chaucer's Influence and Later Allusion&#13;
Parliament of Fowls</text>
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              <text>mea; 3/30/22</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
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              <text>1960</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>The Conclusion of "Love's Labour's Lost."</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Suggests that the year-long delay in marriages at the end of Shakespeare's "Love's Labour's Lost" may have been influenced by the similar delay in PF.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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              <text>Dronke, Peter.</text>
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              <text>Medium Aevum 33.1 (1964): 47-52.</text>
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              <text>Medium Aevum 33 (1964)</text>
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              <text>Troilus and Criseyde&#13;
Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations</text>
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              <text>mea; 9/12/2019</text>
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              <text>1964</text>
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                <text>The Conclusion of "Troilus and Criseyde."</text>
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                <text>Contrasts Troilus's ascent through the spheres at the end of TC and the narrator's comments on it with the analogous materials in Boccaccio's "Filostrato" and "Teseida" (with nods to Dante and Christian liturgy), explaining Troilus's placement among the fixed stars and exploring the combination of his joy and sorrow in his new-found perspective. Throughout the poem, Chaucer expresses "the divine blessedness of human love."</text>
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              <text>Waller, Martha S.</text>
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              <text>Chaucer Newsletter 2.1 (1980): 10-12.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
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              <text>1980</text>
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              <text>Legend of Good Women.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2726457">
              <text>Chaucer Newsletter 02 (1980)</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 04 (160)</text>
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                <text>The Conclusion of Chaucer's 'Legend of Lucrece': Robert Holcot and the Great Faith of Women</text>
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                <text>Holcot is a source for the conclusion of "Lucrece":  his "In Librum Sapientie" includes (1) the statement, not in the Gospels, that Christ found greater faith in women than in men, and (2) a catalogue of pagan good women including Lucretia and others in LGW.</text>
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              <text>Keiser, George R.</text>
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              <text>Chaucer Review 35: 1-21,   2000.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2753183">
              <text>2000</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 24 (325)</text>
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                <text>The Conclusion of the Canon's Yeoman's Tale : Readings and (Mis)Readings</text>
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                <text>Late-medieval versions of CYT 8.1428-81 misread and/or misrepresent the text as an authority on alchemy, a reflection of a pervasive admiration of Chaucer as a man of science. Not until Enlightenment debunking of alchemy did scholars recognize these lines as Chaucer's attack on alchemy as false science.</text>
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              <text>Howard, Donald R.</text>
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              <text>Modern Philology 57 (1960)</text>
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              <text>Second Nun and Her Tale&#13;
Franklin and His Tale&#13;
Physician and His Tale&#13;
Manuscripts and Textual Studies</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2838506">
              <text>mea; 3/30/22</text>
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              <text>1960</text>
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                <text>The Conclusion of the Marriage Group: Chaucer and the Human Condition.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2838501">
                <text>Reviews medieval ideas of degrees or grades of perfection, particularly as related to virginity as the "highest form of chastity" and marriage, a compromise even when admirable as in FranT. PhyT and SNT, both of which may follow FranT in the order of CT, offer ideals of absolute chastity and chaste marriage respectively, with SNT offering a religious alternative to the Franklin's secular view of matrimony.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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              <text>Nagarajan, S.</text>
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              <text>Essays in Criticism 13 (1963): 1-8.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2831173">
              <text>Essays in Criticism 13 (1963)</text>
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              <text>Troilus and Criseyde</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2831176">
              <text>1963</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2831169">
                <text>The Conclusion to Chaucer's "Troilus and Criseyde."</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2831170">
                <text>Argues that members of the "School of Christian Interpreters" err when seeing the transcendent ending of TC as implicit throughout the poem, and evaluates the actions of Troilus and Criseyde in terms of courtly love and the operation of Fortune, attributing perceived inconsistencies in the ending of the poem to be due to the narrator's "lack of sophistication."</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2798033">
              <text>Crampton, Georgia Ronan.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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              <text>New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1974.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2798035">
              <text>1974</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2798036">
              <text>x, 207 pp.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2798038">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2798040">
              <text>mea 1/15/2014 No SAC</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
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              <elementText elementTextId="2798032">
                <text>The Condition of Creatures: Suffering and Action in Chaucer and Spenser</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2798037">
                <text>Examines the commonplace theme of "agere et pati" (to act and to suffer) in the works of Chaucer and Spenser, especially KnT and books 1-4 of Spenser's "The Faerie Queene," exploring oppositions between deed and emotion, action and passion, and agency and patience. In KnT, the active Theseus learns to espouse sufferance, and the imagery of constraint enforces the need for human forbearance in the face of cosmic determinism. Generally, Chaucer's works emphasize patience, compromise, and other forms of acceptance without undue struggle (bargains, treaties, promises, and games), perhaps a reflection of his political life.</text>
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              <text>Schleusener, Jay.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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        <element elementId="114">
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              <text>1980</text>
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              <text>Merchant and His Tale.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2725716">
              <text>Chaucer Review 14 (1980)</text>
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        <element elementId="109">
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              <text>jules SAC 04 (91)</text>
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                <text>The Conduct of the 'Merchant's Tale'</text>
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                <text>The Merchant's language snares the reader into displaying bad taste.  It accomplishes this by making May a sympathetic character and by allowing the reader to belong to a select group which sees through the deceptions of the tale.  However, the reader's good sense eventually is freeing.</text>
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              <text>Schildgen, Brenda Deen.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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          <elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="114">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2803223">
              <text>1973</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2803225">
              <text>Canterbury Tales--General</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2803226">
              <text>Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations</text>
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        <element elementId="100">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2803227">
              <text>Dissertation Abstracts International 33 (1973)</text>
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        <element elementId="109">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2803228">
              <text>mea; 3/13/2015 No SAC</text>
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                <text>The Conflict between Art and Morality in Two Fourteenth-Century Poets: Juan Ruiz and Geoffrey Chaucer</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2803224">
                <text>Assesses ambivalence, conventional morality, and the functions of art in CT and in Juan Ruiz's "Libro de Buen Amor," commenting on the role of the narrator in Chaucer and the "staging" of multiple views on "caritas" and "cupiditas" in both works.</text>
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              <text>Molencki, Rafal.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2772668">
              <text>Nikolaus Ritt and Herbert Schendl, eds. Rethinking Middle English: Linguistic and Literary Approaches (New York and Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2005), pp. 147-60.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2772669">
              <text>2005</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2772670">
              <text>Rethinking Middle English: Linguistic and Literary Approaches.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2772672">
              <text>Language and Word Studies.</text>
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2772673">
              <text>vxl sac 30:88</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2772666">
                <text>The Confusion Between 'Thurven' and 'Durren' in Middle English</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2772671">
                <text>Molencki traces the phonetic and semantic conflation of "dare" and" tharf," once distinct verbs, now obsolete. Scribal errors contributed to the obsolescence of "tharf" and its replacement with the more flexible OE "neden." The essay draws examples from WBP, SumT, Mel, ParsT, and TC.</text>
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                <text>As the Miller refuses to allow easy closure to KnT, so the Tale's opening is rooted in the uneasy conquest of Femenye. Throughout the Tale, patterns that suggest resolution fail to reach their hoped-for conclusion, indicating the ongoing nature of desire and conflict.</text>
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              <text>McClellan, William.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2733053">
                <text>The "presentational features" of MS HM 140 (prose format, absence of ClP, reduction of multivoiced discourse) transform its "mode of signification from performance to textuality," suggesting history and truth.  This presentation radically alters the "message(s)" of ClT, which elsewhere suggests that women "are in the vanguard of the struggle for equity in earthly institutions."</text>
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                <text>The Consolation of Alison: The Speech Acts of the Wife of Bath</text>
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                <text>Since the speech acts of Alison consist of arguing, insisting,challenging, and confiding, the message is that she is always struggling against the givens of her world.  She is Lady Philosophy "manque" since her views of behavior are hardly proper and her arguments are self-defensive harangues rather than logical persuasions.</text>
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              <text>Camargo, Martin.</text>
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                <text>Chaucer's Pandarus is based to a certain extent on the character of Philosophy in Boethius's Consolation, and his Troilus resembles Boethius.  Troilus's change during the poem can be attributed to the fact that "he has experienced the consolation of Pandarus."</text>
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              <text>Boece.</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2746845">
                <text>The Consolation Tradition and the Text of Chaucer's 'Boece'</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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              <elementText elementTextId="2746849">
                <text>Examines the textual tradition of Bo in light of the twelfth- to fifteenth-century textual tradition of Boethius's "Consolation of Philosophy," suggesting that the best text of Bo is Cambridge University Library ii.iii.21.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2822378">
              <text>Gossedge, Rob.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2822379">
              <text>Beatrice Fannon, ed. Medieval English Literature (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016), pp. 95-111.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2822380">
              <text>Medieval English Literature (Fannon)</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2822381">
              <text>Monk and His Tale&#13;
Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
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              <text>40:267</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2822383">
              <text>2016</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2822376">
                <text>The Consolations and Conflicts of History.</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2822377">
                <text>Discusses the influence of Boethius and Boccaccio on Chaucer's depiction of the Monk in CT.</text>
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  <item itemId="276521" public="1" featured="0">
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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              <text>Gastle, Brian W.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2844417">
              <text>Susannah Mary Chewning, ed. Studies in the Age of Gower: A Festschrift in Honour of R. F. Yeager (Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 2020], pp. 203-16.</text>
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        <element elementId="108">
          <name>Alternative Title</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2844418">
              <text>Studies in the Age of Gower</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2844419">
              <text>Legend of Good Women&#13;
Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations</text>
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        <element elementId="109">
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              <text>SAC 45:161</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2844421">
              <text>2020</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2850953">
                <text>The Constraints of Justice and Gower's "Lawyerly Habit of Mind."</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2851909">
                <text>Examines John Gower's consideration of the "appropriate purpose and use of incarceration, including comparison of his Tale of Tereus" in the "Confessio Amantis" with Chaucer's analogous account in LGW. In Gower, imprisonment precedes the rape of Philomena and continues afterward, a "custodial function of removing her from the social world"; in Chaucer, imprisonment "suggests a continuation of the violation."</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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        <element elementId="110">
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2855263">
              <text>Swart, J.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2855264">
              <text>Neophilologus 38 (1954): 127-36.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="100">
          <name>Journal by Volume Number</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2855265">
              <text>Neophilologus 38 (1954)</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2855266">
              <text>General Prologue to the Canterbury Tales&#13;
Style and Versification</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2855267">
              <text>mea; 5/30/26</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2855268">
              <text>1954</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2855261">
                <text>The Construction of Chaucer's "General Prologue."</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2855262">
                <text>Admires the structural patterns of GP--seven groupings, significant juxtapositions, alterations of detail and generalization, etc.--suggesting that they produce "a poetic realization of plenitude and diversity," underpinned by a concern with "degree" and various ironies and satiric touches. Draws examples from individual descriptions and from the broader pattern of introduction, followed by a "pageant" of details, and a "kind of epilogue." Views the "whole structure" of GP as "a sort of medieval bridge."</text>
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  </item>
  <item itemId="269623" public="1" featured="0">
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="521447">
                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
                </elementText>
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          <description/>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2777437">
              <text>Minnis, Alastair.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2777438">
              <text>R. N. Swanson, ed. Promissory Notes on the Treasury of Merits: Indulgences in Late Medieval Europe (Boston and Leiden: Brill, 2007), pp. 169-95.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2777439">
              <text>2007</text>
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        <element elementId="108">
          <name>Alternative Title</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2777440">
              <text>Promissory Notes on the Treasury of Merits: Indulgences in Late Medieval Europe.</text>
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        <element elementId="112">
          <name>Contributor</name>
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              <text>Swanson, R. N., ed.</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2777443">
              <text>Pardoner and His Tale</text>
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        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2777444">
              <text>vxl SAC 31:249</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
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                <text>The Construction of Chaucer's Pardoner</text>
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                <text>There is a paucity of writing on indulgences in medieval vernacular literatures. Minnis explores depictions of pardoners and indulgences in PardP, Langland's "Piers Plowman, "and John Heywood's "The Foure PP" and "The Pardoner and the Frere." Chaucer's Pardoner is best understood as "an aberrant quaestor," a lay usurper of the powers granted only to members of the ecclesiastical major orders.</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
                </elementText>
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          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>Landers, Samara Pauline.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2776917">
              <text>DAI A67.09 (2007): n.p.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2776918">
              <text>2007</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2776920">
              <text>Man of Law and His Tale</text>
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          <name>Journal by Volume Number</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>Dissertation Abstracts International 67 (2009)</text>
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        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>vxl SAC 31:196</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2776915">
                <text>The Construction of Identity in Middle English Romance</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2825862">
                <text>Uses MLT, among other works, to show that in Middle English romance, with its limited expression of characters' inner lives, identity is expressed and revealed through "external signs," outward behavior, and immutable "key characteristics."</text>
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