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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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              <text>Sell, Roger D.</text>
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              <text>Studia Neophilologica 57 (1985): 175-85.</text>
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              <text>1985</text>
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              <text>Miller and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Studia Neophilologica 57 (1985)</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 09 (138)</text>
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                <text>Politeness in Chaucer: Suggestions towards a Methodology for Pragmatic Stylistics</text>
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                <text>Stylistic or linguistic thickening is a key to meaning, as in selectional politeness.  Abrupt shifts of topic, disruption of narrative frames, and lack of deference to the reader's expectations make MilT more "impolite."</text>
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              <text>Jucker, Andreas H.</text>
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              <text>Richard Dury et al., eds. English Historical Linguistics  2006: Selected Papers from the Fourteenth International Conference on English Historical Linguistics (ICEHL 14), Bergamo, 21- 25 August 2006. Volume II: Lexical and Semantic Change. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2008, pp. 3-29.</text>
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              <text>2008</text>
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          <name>Alternative Title</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2778970">
              <text>English Historical Linguistics  2006: Selected Papers from the Fourteenth International Conference on English Historical Linguistics (ICEHL 14), Bergamo, 21- 25 August 2006.</text>
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              <text>Lexical and Semantic Change.</text>
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          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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              <text>Language and Word Studies</text>
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              <text>Clerk and His Tale</text>
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              <text>vxl SAC 32:76.</text>
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                <text>Politeness in the History of English</text>
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                <text>Arguing that contemporary "negative" politeness may function in public only, Jucker surveys historical functions of politeness in English. Analyzes Chaucer's use of "thou" and "you" forms in ClT as "retractable," i.e., variable by situation, rapidly shifting, and dependent on levels  of "politeness and respect" as well as on "affection and intimacy."</text>
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              <text>Astell, Ann W.</text>
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              <text>Ithaca, N.Y., and London : Cornell University Press, 1999.</text>
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              <text>1999</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2751922">
              <text>xiv, 218 pp.</text>
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              <text>Background and General Criticism.</text>
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              <text>Tale of Melibee.</text>
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              <text>Monk and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Nun's Priest and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Legend of Good Women.</text>
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              <text>Parliament of Fowls.</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 23 (74)</text>
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                <text>Political Allegory in Late-Medieval England</text>
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                <text>A series of studies that explore how William Langland, John Gower, the Gawain poet, Chaucer, and Sir Thomas Malory all "practiced an allegorical art, partly as a result of their similar educational backgrounds and also because political pressures encouraged and indeed necessitated indirection in writing about matters of public concern" (5). Chapter 4, "Chaucer's Ricardian Allegories" (pp. 94-116), compares allegorical depictions of Richard II: as a royal eagle in PF, as the God of Love in LGWP, and "in various guises" in Mel, MkT, and NPT. Mel promises the political advice given in MkPT, with its reference to King Edward (7.1968-72), and in NPT, with its recapitulation of the revolt of 1381.</text>
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              <text>Strakhov, Elizaveta.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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              <text>Yearbook of Langland Studies 32 (2018): 289-313.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2836065">
              <text>Yearbook of Langland Studies 32 (2018)</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
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              <text>Nun's Priest and His Tale&#13;
Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations</text>
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              <text>SAC 43:214</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2836068">
              <text>2018</text>
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                <text>Political Animals: Form and the Animal Fable in Langland's Rodent Parliament and Chaucer's "Nun's Priest's Tale."</text>
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                <text>Identifies food-chain predation and ecosystemic competition as formal elements of animal fables; then examines these dynamics in NPT, the Rat Parliament of Langland's "Piers Plowman," and their respective allusions to the Uprising of 1381 and to the English Parliaments of 1376 and 1377. Though varied, the two narratives capitalize on their animal-fable genre to critique hierarchical power, assert the value of laboring commons, and advocate political counsel rather than rebellion.</text>
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              <text>Potter, Russell Alan.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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              <text>Dissertation Abstracts International 52 (1992): 3276A.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2695727">
              <text>1992</text>
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              <text>Chaucer's Influence and Later Allusion.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2695730">
              <text>Dissertation Abstracts International 52 (1992)</text>
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              <text>mea</text>
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                <text>Political Chaucer: The Deployment of the Chaucer Canon, 1390-1990</text>
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                <text>Chaucer's works have been treated variously through the centuries:  vernacular text teaching a diverse audience in debates over "Englishing" the Bible; both model and subject for translation to the Neoclassics; basis for study in the nineteenth century; and subject for numerous types of criticism since.</text>
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              <text>Johnson, Valerie P.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2806314">
              <text>DAI A74.03 (2013): n.p.</text>
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              <text>General Prologue to the Canterbury Tales</text>
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              <text>Manciple and His Tale</text>
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              <text>Dissertation Abstracts International 74 (2013)</text>
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                <text>Politicizing the Landscape: Ricardian Literary Languages of Power</text>
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                <text>Considers depictions of wilderness in GP and ManT, along with works by Gower and Langland, as metaphors for undisciplined rulers.</text>
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              <text>Knight, Stephen.</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
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          <name>Date</name>
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              <text>1977</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2729412">
              <text>The Radical Reader.</text>
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        <element elementId="112">
          <name>Contributor</name>
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              <text>Wilding, Michael,ed.</text>
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                <text>Politics and Chaucer's Poetry</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2729414">
                <text>A Marxist approach to form, structure, and character shows broad dichotomies in Chaucer's art; e.g., between city and country, Gothic and modernist narratives, and worldy and otherworldly philosophies.  From the last divergence derives the major ideological dialectic in Chaucer between medieval Christian idealism and bourgeois "materialist humanism."</text>
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        <element elementId="110">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2773328">
              <text>Turner, Marion.</text>
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              <text>Corinne Saunders, ed. A Concise Companion to Chaucer (Malden, Mass.; Oxford; and Victoria: Blackwell, 2006), pp. 13-33.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2773330">
              <text>2006</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2773331">
              <text>A Concise Companion to Chaucer.</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2773333">
              <text>Background and General Criticism.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2773334">
              <text>vxl sac 30:150</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Politics and London Life</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2773332">
                <text>Divided into three sections - "Politics and Discourse," "London Life and Chaucer's Poetry," and "Chaucer's Social Circle" - this essay surveys a variety of Chaucer's narratives and short poems, showing how they reflect urban and political elements in fourteenth-century London.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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        <element elementId="110">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2702921">
              <text>Strohm, Paul.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2702922">
              <text>Lee Patterson, ed.  Literary Practice and Social Change in Britain, 1380-1530 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990), pp. 83-112.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2702923">
              <text>1990</text>
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        <element elementId="108">
          <name>Alternative Title</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2702924">
              <text>Literary Practice and Social Change in Britain, 1380-1530.</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2702927">
              <text>Background and General Criticism.</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2702928">
              <text>jules SAC 14 (116)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2702920">
                <text>Politics and Poetics: Usk and Chaucer in the 1380s</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2702925">
                <text>London politics in the 1380s were characterized by "shifting planes of alliance."  Such shifting in the early years of the decade led to the eventual struggle of 1385-88 between Richard's court party and the duke of Gloucester's aristocratic appellants.  Londoners such as Thomas Usk and Geoffrey Chaucer were confronted with possibilities for advancement as well as with perils of factional affiliation. </text>
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                <text>Usk tried to win Chaucer's own political favor by complimenting Chaucer in his "Testament of Love," but Chaucer avoided direct personal and political commentary in his works.</text>
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        <element elementId="110">
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2761404">
              <text>Machan, Tim William.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2761405">
              <text>SAC 24: 317-24, 2002.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2761406">
              <text>2002</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2761408">
              <text>Language and Word Studies.</text>
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        <element elementId="100">
          <name>Journal by Volume Number</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2761409">
              <text>Studies in the Age of Chaucer 24 (2002)</text>
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        <element elementId="109">
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              <text>vxl sac 26: 105</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
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              <elementText elementTextId="2761403">
                <text>Politics and the Middle English Language</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2761407">
                <text>Challenging suggestions that individuals like Chaucer are agents of linguistic change, Machan argues that they cannot foresee history and therefore cannot work to a future end. The article surveys political factors in late-medieval English linguistic change.</text>
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  <item itemId="264421" public="1" featured="0">
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        <element elementId="110">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2724121">
              <text>Delany, Sheila.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2724122">
              <text>Studies in the Age of Chaucer 3 (1981): 47-60.</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2724123">
              <text>1981</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2724125">
              <text>Physician and His Tale.</text>
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        <element elementId="100">
          <name>Journal by Volume Number</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2724126">
              <text>Studies in the Age of Chaucer 03 (1981)</text>
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        <element elementId="109">
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              <text>jules SAC 05 (176)</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
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              <elementText elementTextId="2724120">
                <text>Politics and the Paralysis of the Poetic Imagination in the Physician's Tale</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2724124">
                <text>In contrast to other analogues to PhysT, Chaucer "systematically obliterates social content" to deprive the characters of plausible motives.  This "bad piece of work" is "pornographic or free-floating sadistic sensationalism, with murder as its only real centre."</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2850156">
              <text>Strakhov, Yelizaveta. [Strakhov, Elizaveta].</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Pennsylvania, 2014. Dissertation Abstracts International A76.01(E). Fully accessible via ProQuest Dissertations &amp; Theses.</text>
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          <name>Physical Description</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2850158">
              <text>ix, 339 pp.</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2850159">
              <text>Dissertation Abstracts International A76.01(E).</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2850160">
              <text>Background and General Criticism&#13;
Manuscripts and Textual Studies&#13;
Legend of Good Women&#13;
Style and Versification&#13;
Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations&#13;
Chaucer's Influence and Later Allusion</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2850162">
              <text>2014</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2850154">
                <text>Politics in Translation: Language, War, and Lyric Form in Francophone Europe, 1337-1400.</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2850155">
                <text>Studies aesthetic and political relations between France and Francophone England during the Hundred Years' War, with particular attention to uses and politics of the "formes fixes" of lyric poetry among French writers, Chaucer, and Gower. Examines the contents of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, MS Codex 902 (formerly French 15), and a wide range of French and English poems, including the poems of "Ch,"  Deschamps' praise of Chaucer, Gower's Traitie, and Chaucer's LGWP.</text>
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2797790">
              <text>Walker, Alison Tara.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2797791">
              <text>DAI A72.06 (2011): n.p.</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2797792">
              <text>2011</text>
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          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2797794">
              <text>ABC</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2797795">
              <text>Dissertation Abstracts International 72 (2011).</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2797796">
              <text>mea sac 35:162.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2797789">
                <text>Politics, Patronage, and Orthodoxy in Late Medieval England</text>
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                <text>Uses ABC, Hoccleve's "Complaint of the Virgin Before the Cross," and other sources to outline a mutually reinforcing relationship between the Lancastrians (orthodox supporters of the Church) and the Church (which allied with the Lancastrians).</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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              <text>Prendergast, Thomas A.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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              <text>William F. Gentrup, ed. Reinventing the Middle Ages and the Renaissance: Constructions of the Medieval and Early Modern Periods ([Turnhout:  Brepols, 1998), pp. 63-76.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2746891">
              <text>1998</text>
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          <name>Alternative Title</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2746892">
              <text>Reinventing the Middle Ages and the Renaissance: Constructions of the Medieval and Early Modern Periods.</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>Gentrup, William F.,ed.</text>
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          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2746895">
              <text>Complaint of Chaucer to His Purse.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2746896">
              <text>Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations.</text>
            </elementText>
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        <element elementId="104">
          <name>Series</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2746897">
              <text>Arizona Studies in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, no. 1.</text>
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        <element elementId="109">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2746898">
              <text>jules SAC 22 - 333.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2746888">
                <text>Politics, Prodigality, and the Reception of Chaucer's 'Purse'</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2746894">
                <text>Surveys "legends" about Chaucer's prodigality, from Thomas Usk's "Testament of Love" to early editions of Purse and modern critical reception of the poem. Editions of Purse and critical responses seek to defend Chaucer "from charges of political opportunism," casting him variously as a prodigal, a "'pure' unsullied poet," and a "self-serving though loyal subject."</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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        <element elementId="110">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2771036">
              <text>Strohm, Paul.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2771037">
              <text>Notre Dame, Ind. : University of Notre Dame Press, 2005.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2771038">
              <text>2005</text>
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        <element elementId="99">
          <name>Physical Description</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2771039">
              <text>298 pp.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2771041">
              <text>Monk and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Knight and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations.</text>
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        <element elementId="109">
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          <description/>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2771044">
              <text>vxl sac 29:257</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
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              <elementText elementTextId="2771035">
                <text>Politique : Languages of Statecraft Between Chaucer and Shakespeare</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2771040">
                <text>Explores the political discourse of fifteenth-century England, identifying a "pre-Machiavellian moment" in which awareness of political upheaval and the unreliability of Fortune influenced or produced a variety of vernacular texts. Assesses the relations between these texts and their contextual ideologies and events. Includes discussion of MkT and the Knight's interruption of it in relation to Boccaccio's "De casibus virorum illustrium," Lydgate's "Fall of Princes," and later works in the tradition of Mirror for Magistrates.</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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        <element elementId="110">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2803961">
              <text>Campbell, Jackson J.</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2803962">
              <text>Chaucer Review 7.2 (1972): 140-46.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2803963">
              <text>1972</text>
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          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2803965">
              <text>Manciple and His Tale</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2803966">
              <text>Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="100">
          <name>Journal by Volume Number</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2803967">
              <text>Chaucer Review 07 (1972)</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2803968">
              <text>mea; 7/14/2015 No SAC</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
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      </elementContainer>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2803960">
                <text>Polonius among the Pilgrims</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2803964">
                <text>Reads ManT as an example of successful "characterization through narrative technique," assessing its paucity of actual storytelling relative to the amount of moralizing. This tedious moralizing is comic and results from Chaucer's adaptations of his sources. However, it does not accord with the characterization in ManP nor in GP.</text>
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          </element>
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  </item>
  <item itemId="269770" public="1" featured="0">
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="521447">
                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
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        <element elementId="110">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2778949">
              <text>Hsy, Jonathan Horng.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2778950">
              <text>DAI A68.07 (2008): n.p.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2778951">
              <text>2008</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2778953">
              <text>Language and Word Studies</text>
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        <element elementId="100">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2778954">
              <text>Dissertations Abstract International 68 (2008).</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2833726">
              <text>vxl SAC 32:74.</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2778948">
                <text>Polyglot Poetics: Merchants and Literary Production in London, 1300-1500</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2778952">
                <text>Hsy explores the use of English, French, and Latin by writers such as Chaucer, Gower, and Margery Kempe in conjunction with  the polyglot mercantile culture of London. Argues that these writers "hybridize" multilingual traditions to form "hybrid  personas."</text>
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  <item itemId="261647" public="1" featured="0">
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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        <element elementId="110">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2697107">
              <text>Erzgräber, Willi.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2697108">
              <text>Armin Paul Frank and Ulrich Molk, eds.  Fruhe Formen mehrperspektivischen Erzahlens von der Edda bis Flaubert (Berlin: Schmidt, 1991), pp. 17-33.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2697109">
              <text>1991</text>
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        <element elementId="108">
          <name>Alternative Title</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2697110">
              <text>Fruhe Formen mehrperspektivischen Erzahlens von der Edda bis Flaubert.</text>
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        <element elementId="112">
          <name>Contributor</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2697111">
              <text>Frank, Armin Paul.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2697112">
              <text>Molk, Ulrich.</text>
            </elementText>
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        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2697115">
              <text>Parliament of Fowls.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2697116">
              <text>Troilus and Criseyde.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2697117">
              <text>Nun's Priest and His Tale.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
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              <text>mea</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2697106">
                <text>Polyperspektivisches Erzahlen bei Chaucer</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2697113">
                <text>Based on Nietzsche's epistemology, the essay discusses Chaucer's use of multiple perspective in PF, TC, and NPT as the poet's instrument for encouraging his readers to reflect on the multiplicity of their experiences.</text>
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                <text>Erzgraber likens Chaucer's transitions from multiple narrative perspectives to a single religious perspective in TC and CT to William of Ockham's separation of truth into secular, empirical truths and the one religious truth of revelation.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2847837">
              <text>Fruoco, Jonathan, ed. </text>
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        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2847838">
              <text>New York: Routledge, 2021.</text>
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        <element elementId="99">
          <name>Physical Description</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2847839">
              <text>vi, 266 pp. </text>
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        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2847840">
              <text>Background and General Criticism</text>
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        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2847841">
              <text>SAC 46:137</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2847842">
              <text>2021</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2847835">
                <text>Polyphony and the Modern.</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2847836">
                <text>Raises questions about what it means to be modern in one own's time and about polyphony (including polyphonic music, polyvocality, and literary dialogism) as an index to modernity, collecting fourteen essays on relevant topics, most of them on medieval music and literature. For three essays that pertain to Chaucer, search for Polyphony and the Modern under Alternative Title.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="24">
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        <element elementId="110">
          <name>Author / Editor</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2697690">
              <text>Nakao, Yoshiyuki.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2697691">
              <text>English and English-American Literature (Yamaguchi University) 24 (1989): 13-39.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2697692">
              <text>1989</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2697694">
              <text>Merchant and His Tale.</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="2697695">
              <text>Language and Word Studies.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="100">
          <name>Journal by Volume Number</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2697696">
              <text>English and English-American Literature (Yamaguchi University) 24 (1989).</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
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              <text>mea</text>
            </elementText>
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2697689">
                <text>Polysemantic Verbal Patterns in 'The Merchant's Tale'</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2697693">
                <text>Linguistic tensions in MerT reflect two opposed points of view: January's and that of May and Damian combined.  (In Japanese.)</text>
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          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
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  <item itemId="269158" public="1" featured="0">
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="110">
          <name>Author / Editor</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2772638">
              <text>Lozowski, Przemyslaw.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2772639">
              <text>Nikolaus Ritt and Herbert Schendl, eds. Rethinking Middle English: Linguistic and Literary Approaches (New York and Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2005), pp. 125-46.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2772640">
              <text>2005</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="108">
          <name>Alternative Title</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2772641">
              <text>Rethinking Middle English: Linguistic and Literary Approaches.</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2772643">
              <text>Language and Word Studies.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2772644">
              <text>vxl sac 30:85</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
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    </itemType>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2772637">
                <text>Polysemy in Context: 'Meten' and 'Dremen' in Chaucer</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2772642">
                <text>Disputes the assumption that "meten" and "dremen" are synonyms in Chaucer and illustrates systematic differentiation in WBT, NPT, BD, Rom, HF, Bo, and TC (plus other, non-Chaucerian texts). In general, the late fourteenth century is a transitional period for dream vocabulary that invited more precise usage. The author correlates Chaucer's usage of "meten" and "dremen" and Macrobius's true and false dreams, respectively.</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
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  <item itemId="268924" public="1" featured="0">
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="521447">
                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
                </elementText>
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    </collection>
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      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="110">
          <name>Author / Editor</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2770248">
              <text>Scott-Macnab, David.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2770249">
              <text>Leeds Studies in English 36 (2005): 175-94.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2770250">
              <text>2005</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2770252">
              <text>Book of the Duchess.</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="2770253">
              <text>Language and Word Studies.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="100">
          <name>Journal by Volume Number</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2770254">
              <text>Leeds Studies in English 36 (2005)</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2770255">
              <text>vxl sac 29:280</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2770247">
                <text>Polysemy in Middle English 'Embosen' and the Hart of The Book of the Duchess</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2770251">
                <text>Critics generally gloss "embosen" as either "concealed in the woods" or "exhausted from the hunt." Examination of the word determines its precise meaning as a hunting term and also sheds light on Octovyen's hunt.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="268491" public="1" featured="0">
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="521447">
                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
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      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="24">
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      <description>Items for the Chaucer Database</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="110">
          <name>Author / Editor</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2765757">
              <text>Stévanovitch, Colette.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2765758">
              <text>Wendy Harding, ed. Drama, Narrative and Poetry in The Canterbury Tales (Toulouse: Presses Universitaires du Mirail, 2003), pp. 113-24.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2765759">
              <text>2003</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="108">
          <name>Alternative Title</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2765760">
              <text>Drama, Narrative and Poetry in The Canterbury Tales.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2765762">
              <text>Franklin and His Tale.</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="2765763">
              <text>Style and Versification.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2765764">
              <text>vxl SAC 27:226</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2765756">
                <text>Polysyllabic Words in End-of-Line Position in the Franklin's Tale</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2765761">
                <text>The author explores some of the effects arising from polysyllables (i.e., here words with more than one stressed syllable), concentrating on those in rhyming position, especially words referring to worthynesse and gentillesse, the virtues credited to Arveragus in FranT.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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  </item>
  <item itemId="277152" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="8">
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          <elementContainer>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="521447">
                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
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    <itemType itemTypeId="24">
      <name>ChaucerItem2</name>
      <description>Items for the Chaucer Database</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="110">
          <name>Author / Editor</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2849591">
              <text>Cousins, A. D.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2849592">
              <text>A. D. Cousins and Daniel Derrin, eds. Alexander Pope in the Reign of Queen Anne: Reconsiderations of His Early Career (New York: Routledge, 2021), pp. 113-36.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="112">
          <name>Contributor</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2849593">
              <text>Cousins, A. D., ed.&#13;
Derrin, Daniel,ed,</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="108">
          <name>Alternative Title</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2849594">
              <text>Alexander Pope in the Reign of Queen Anne: Reconsiderations of His Early Career</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2849595">
              <text>House of Fame&#13;
Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2849596">
              <text>SAC 46:297</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2849597">
              <text>2021</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2849589">
                <text>Pope and Chaucer: Reconstructing "The House of Fame" in the Reign of Queen Anne.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2849590">
                <text>Argues that in his reworking of HF as "The Temple of Fame," Alexander Pope "comprehensively repudiates the inconclusiveness" of Chaucer's work. Where Chaucer suggests "the contradictions and confusions" of literary tradition and authority, Pope assumes authority and "almost entirely excludes hesitancy and ambiguity from his consideration."</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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  </item>
  <item itemId="265603" public="1" featured="0">
    <collection collectionId="8">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="521447">
                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="24">
      <name>ChaucerItem2</name>
      <description>Items for the Chaucer Database</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="110">
          <name>Author / Editor</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2735765">
              <text>Bennett, Helen T.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2735766">
              <text>Medieval Perspectives 9 (1994): 24-40.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2735767">
              <text>1994</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2735769">
              <text>Canterbury Tales--General. </text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="2735770">
              <text>Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="100">
          <name>Journal by Volume Number</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2735771">
              <text>Medieval Perspectives 09 (1994)</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2735772">
              <text>jules SAC 18 (1994)</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2735764">
                <text>Pope Gregory's 'Liber Regulae Pastoralis' and Chaucer's 'Canterbury Tales'</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2735768">
                <text>Bennett artues that the pilgrimage frame of CT was influenced by Gregory's "Liber," particularly in presenting "a range of human types" and in suiting pastoral care to individual exigencies.  The "Liber" has particular applications to Chaucer's Reeve, Franklin, Summoner, Pardoner, and Parson.  The Parson's "if gold ruste" is indebted to Gregory, not the French analogues.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
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