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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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              <text>Rex, Richard.</text>
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              <text>Studies in Short Fiction 23 (1986): 1-8.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
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              <text>1986</text>
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              <text>Prioress and Her Tale.</text>
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              <text>Studies in Short Fiction 23 (1986)</text>
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        <element elementId="109">
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              <text>jules SAC 10 (194)</text>
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                <text>Pastiche as Irony in the Prioress's Prologue and Tale</text>
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                <text>The Prioress's childishness places her among the "children of a hundred year" who live in folly and are cursed by God.  Her tale is a pastiche, its ironies reflecting the teller's false humility and lack of charity even as she extols charity as a virtue.</text>
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                <text>Reprinted in Richard Rex, "The Sins of Madame Eglentyne and Other Essays" (Newark, NJ:  University of Delaware Press; Associated University Presses, 1995).</text>
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              <text>Butterfield, Ardis.</text>
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              <text>Studies in the Age of Chaucer 16 (1994): 3-27.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
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              <text>1994</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2735253">
              <text>Book of the Duchess.</text>
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              <text>Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations.</text>
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              <text>Studies in the Age of Chaucer 16 (1994)</text>
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        <element elementId="109">
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              <text>jules SAC 18 (1996) - 253</text>
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                <text>Pastoral and the Politics of Plague in Machaut and Chaucer</text>
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                <text>Reads BD and Machaut's "Jugement dou Roy de Navarre" as "counter pastorals"--works that both disturb the superficial idealization of pastoral poetry and replicate the social tension latent in the form, a social tension that also reflects contemporary effects of the plague.</text>
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                <text>Machaut presents the plague directly in his work and obliquely explores its social impact.  Even more obliquely, BD confronts the social upheaval of the Black Death in the relations of the Black Knight and the narrator.</text>
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              <text>Ingham, Patricia Clare.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2763044">
              <text>Texas Studies in Literature and Language 44: 34-46, 2002.</text>
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          <name>Date</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2763045">
              <text>2002</text>
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              <text>Wife of Bath and Her Tale</text>
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              <text>Texas Studies in Literature and Language 44 (2002)</text>
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        <element elementId="109">
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              <text>mea sac 26:214</text>
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                <text>Pastoral Histories: Utopia, Conquest, and the Wife of Bath's Tale</text>
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                <text>Readers are skeptical of idealized pastoral space, yet it influences their view of the real. WBT begins with an allusion to a past, utopian dream world, a vision in tension with the Wife's mercantile concerns. Such utopian dreams are a resistence strategy of the colonized and the marginalized, namely the Welsh of Chaucer's time. By posing such resistence, WBT broadens sovereignty from the domestic to the national.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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              <text>Thompson, John J.</text>
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              <text>Anne Marie D'Arcy and Alan J. Fletcher, eds. Studies in Late Medieval and Early Renaissance Texts in Honour of John Scattergood (Dublin: Four Courts, 2005), pp. 353-61.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
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              <text>2005</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2768379">
              <text>Studies in Late Medieval and Early Renaissance Texts in Honour of John Scattergood.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2768381">
              <text>ABC.</text>
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              <text>Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations.</text>
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        <element elementId="109">
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              <text>vxl sac 29:319</text>
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                <text>Patch and Repair and Making Do in Manuscripts and Texts Associated with John Stow</text>
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                <text>Considers the omission of ABC from Chaucer's canon and what it reflects about the editorial habits of John Stow and Thomas Speght; religious-political pressures on editors of the time; and the reception of the Marian devotion of ABC in Protestant England.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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              <text>Frank, Robert Worth,Jr.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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              <text>C. David Benson and Elizabeth Robertson, eds.  Chaucer's Religious Tales (Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 1990), pp. 39-52.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>1990</text>
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              <text>Chaucer's Religious Tales.</text>
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              <text>Canterbury Tales--General.</text>
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              <text>Man of Law and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Prioress and Her Tale.</text>
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              <text>Clerk and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 14 (137)</text>
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                <text>Pathos in Chaucer's Religious Tales</text>
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                <text>Through pathos, Chaucer evokes the audience's sympathy, thus transforming PrT, MLT, and ClT from mere tales of wonder or religious abstraction into convincing, dramatic treatments of the virtues they celebrate.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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              <text>Coletti, Theresa.</text>
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              <text>Studies in the Age of Chaucer 28 (2006): 1-40.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
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              <text>2006</text>
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              <text>House of Fame.</text>
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              <text>Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations.</text>
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              <text>Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations.</text>
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              <text>Studies in the Age of Chaucer 28 (2006)</text>
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        <element elementId="109">
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              <text>vxl sac 30:253</text>
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                <text>Paths of Long Study: Reading Chaucer and Christine de Pizan in Tandem</text>
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                <text>Coletti compares HF with Christine de Pizan's "Livre du chemin de long estude," exploring their differing comments on and responses to their shared literary culture. Through parallel narrative gestures, the two poets consider textual authority, reader responsiveness, political roles of their art, vernacularity, and gender. The early Tudor association of the works is indicated by their inclusion in Richard Pynson's Boke of Fame (1526).</text>
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                <text>Dame Patience sitting "upon an hil of sond" (PF, 242-43) may come from the second recension of Deguileville's "Pelerinage de la vie humaine" where the persistence of an ant in reaching the top of a sand hill might be thought of as the active equivalent of patience (II. 10,096-242, English translation of 1426).</text>
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                <text>"Traces the theme of patience in Middle English verse exempla amid the proliferation of exemplary works in late medieval England to examine the sociality of feeling within narratives of individual virtue," including a chapter pertaining to ClT.</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Examines several stories from Gower's "Confessio Amantis" to investigate the poet's "thoughts about the limitations of patriarchy as an institution." Includes comparison of Gower's Tale of Constance with Chaucer's MLT, showing that the latter is more deterministic.</text>
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                <text>Exemplifies the wide-ranging importance of "exegetical tradition" in explicating images and allusions in medieval literature, drawing examples from "Piers Plowman," from the Summoner's taste for garlic, onions, and leeks (GP 1.634), and from various echoes of the biblical Canticle of Canticles in the characterizations and relationship of Absolon and Alisoun in MilT. Argues that greater familiarity with such exegetical details is necessary for broader understanding the value of patristic criticism. See E. Talbot Donaldson, " Patristic Exegesis in the Criticism of Medieval Literature: The Opposition."</text>
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              <text>Critical Approaches to Medieval Literature.</text>
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              <text>Background and General Criticism&#13;
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                <text>Challenges patristic criticism for its claim that medieval literature is univocally concerned with asserting Christian "caritas" allegorically, arguing instead that poetry has a right to "say what it means and mean what it says." Illustrates the pitfalls of the critical method by analyzing patristic or exegetical readings of the opening of "Piers Plowman," "Maiden in the Moor Lay," and NPT, maintaining in the case of the latter that its meaning derives from its rhetorical elaborations rather than despite them. See R. E. Kaske, "The Defense."</text>
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Background and General Criticism</text>
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                <text>Patristic Exegesis: A Medieval Tom Sawyer.</text>
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                <text>Parodies patristic criticism by reading Mark Twain's "Tom Sawyer" as an indictment of concupiscent love, drawing recurrent comparisons between the structure and imagery of Twain's novel and BD. </text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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              <text>Sánchez-Martí, Jordi.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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              <text>Cuadernos del CEMYR 20 (2012): 93-102.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2801172">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2801174">
              <text>Background and General Criticism</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>mea sac 36:108</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2801169">
                <text>Patronazgo literario en la Inglaterra medieval (ss. VII-XIV): Una visión panorámica</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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                <text>Analysis of literary patronage from the Anglo-Saxon times until the end of the fourteenth century, when royal patronage was essential for authors such as Chaucer.</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2706853">
              <text>Davenport, W. A.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2706854">
              <text>Edward Donald Kennedy, Ronald Waldron, and Joseph S. Wittig, eds.  Medieval Studies Presented to George Kane (Woodbridge, Suffolk, and Wolfeboro, N.H.:  D.S. Brewer, 1988), pp. 127-45.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2706855">
              <text>1988</text>
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        <element elementId="108">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2706856">
              <text>Medieval Studies Presented to George Kane.</text>
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          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>Background and General Criticism.</text>
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              <text>Lyrics and Short Poems.</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>jules SAC 12 (73)</text>
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                <text>Discusses Middle English debate poems but touches on dialogue in CT, TC, and PF.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2706858">
                <text>Davenport also examines the function of complaint in TC, HF, LGW, PF, BD, Bo, and CT, especially in KnT, CYT, ClT, FranT, Mel, MerT, PardT, and WBT.</text>
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              <text>Pattwell, Niamh.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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              <text>Clíodhna Carney and Frances McCormack, eds. Chaucer's Poetry: Words, Authority and Ethics (Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2013), pp. 37-47.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
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              <text>2013</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2806276">
              <text>Chaucer's Poetry: Words, Authority and Ethics.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="102">
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          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>Prioress and Her Tale</text>
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              <text>Style and Versification</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
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              <text>mea SAC 37:139</text>
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                <text>Patterns of Disruption in the Prioress's Tale</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2806277">
                <text>Looks at Chaucer's use of "two sententiae" to explore the interplay between Chaucer's use of silences and pauses in PrT, and the reader's engagement with the story.</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="521447">
                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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        <element elementId="110">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2702728">
              <text>Cowgill, Jane.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2702729">
              <text>C. David Benson and Elizabeth Robertson, eds.  Chaucer's Religious Tales (Cambridge:  D. S. Brewer, 1990). pp. 171-83.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2702730">
              <text>1990</text>
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        <element elementId="108">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2702731">
              <text>Chaucer's Religious Tales.</text>
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2702734">
              <text>Canterbury Tales--General.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2702735">
              <text>Parson and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Tale of Melibee.</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 14 (136)</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2702727">
                <text>Patterns of Feminine and Masculine Persuasion in the 'Melibee' and the 'Parson's Tale'</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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                <text>Like MLT, SNT, ClT, and WBT, Mel employs a feminine style of persuasion.  Prudence "demonstrates" the values she counsels her husband to abide by, thus adding actions to arguments as means of persuasion and subverting the male hierarchy.  ParsT, by contrast, employs a masculine style of persuasion seen also in PardT and SumT.</text>
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                <text>Male teachers such as the Parson--imbued with the authority of the institutions they represent--are not required to demonstrate the virtues jthey advocate or to identify with their audiences.</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>Lawlor, John, ed.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>London: Edward Arnold, 1966.</text>
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        <element elementId="99">
          <name>Physical Description</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2820049">
              <text>206 pp.</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
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              <text>Background and General Criticism</text>
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>mea; 9/18/2018</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2820052">
              <text>9/18/2018</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2820045">
                <text>Patterns of Love and Courtesy: Essays in Memory of C. S. Lewis.</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Includes ten essays by various authors and a comprehensive index. For three essays that pertain to Chaucer, search for Patterns of Love and Courtesy under Alternative Title.</text>
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        <element elementId="110">
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2712181">
              <text>Ellis, Roger.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2712182">
              <text>London:</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="2712183">
              <text>Totowa, N.J.: Croom Helm;</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="2712184">
              <text>Barnes &amp; Noble, 1986.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2712185">
              <text>1986</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2712188">
              <text>Canterbury Tales--General.</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2712189">
              <text>jules SAC 10 (107)</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2712180">
                <text>Patterns of Religious Narrative in the "Canterbury Tales"</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2712186">
                <text>Treats problems of authority and artistic originality encountered by the medieval narrator of a religious story, and the solutions in CT.  Parallels between translating and producing the narrative appear in ClT, SNT, PrT, and Mel; subversion of the parallel and the role of the mediating narrator are seen in MLT, MkT, and PhyT; PardT and NPT provide a tension between inconclusiveness and resolution. </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2712187">
                <text>Deals with relations between fictional narrator (the pilgrim teller), the received matter (fictional, homiletic, dogmatic), narrative forms, and the pilgrim audience.  Some tales are transparent vehicles for orthodox dogma (the narrator as impersonal translator).  In some, "the narrator's personality" is the disturbing focus of attention, violating dogmatic coherence.  In MkT, "literary interests" overturn the "religious."</text>
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              <text>Purdy, Dwight H.</text>
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          <name>Published</name>
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              <text>Texas Studies in Literature and Language 23 (1981): 197-213.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2784645">
              <text>1981</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2784647">
              <text>Chaucer's Influence and Later Allusion</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2784648">
              <text>Pardoner and His Tale</text>
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              <text>Texas Studies in Literature and Language 23 (1981)</text>
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              <text>mea 01/02/2013 No SAC</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2784642">
                <text>Paul and the Pardoner in Conrad's 'Victory'</text>
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                <text>Surveys Joseph Conrad's allusions to Chaucer and to the Bible, and argues that in the novel "Victory" Conrad expresses his "sense of radical modern otherness." In Conrad's novel, "Jones's sexual anomaly mirrors a spiritual malaise," as does the Pardoner's, and allusions to the Pardoner and his tale "voice Conrad's balked desire for sacred meaning," even while "parodic Pauline allusions" make such yearning a "mask for despair."</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2766546">
              <text>Lerer, Seth.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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              <text>Medium Aevum 73: 103-07, 2004</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2766548">
              <text>2004</text>
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              <text>Chaucer's Influence and Later Allusion.</text>
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              <text>Medium Aevum 73 (2004)</text>
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              <text>vxl sac 28:44</text>
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                <text>Paul Bush and the Chaucer Tradition</text>
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                <text>Paul Bush's dream vision, "The Extripacion of Ignorancy," was influenced by Chaucerian models and coins the phrase "lycour laureate" to describe Chaucer.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2750457">
              <text>Adams, Jenny.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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              <text>Chaucer Review 34: 125-38,   1999.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2750459">
              <text>1999</text>
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              <text>Book of the Duchess.</text>
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              <text>Chaucer Review 34 (1999)</text>
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        <element elementId="109">
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          <description/>
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              <text>jules SAC 23 (225)</text>
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                <text>Pawn Takes Knight's Queen : Playing with Chess in the Book of the Duchess</text>
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                <text>In BD, Chaucer complicates the chess metaphor by adding the concept of gambling, which had become standard both in literary depiction and in actual play. By doing so, he adds an economic dimension, characterizing marriage relationships in the Middle Ages and Gaunt's own relationship with Duchess Blanche.</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
                </elementText>
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        <element elementId="110">
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          <description/>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2739461">
              <text>Everest, Carol A.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2739462">
              <text>Melitta Weiss Adamson, ed.  Food in the Middle Ages: A Book of Essays (New York and London: Garland, 1995), pp. 161-75.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2739463">
              <text>1995</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="108">
          <name>Alternative Title</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2739464">
              <text>Food in the Middle Ages: A Book of Essays.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="112">
          <name>Contributor</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>Weiss Adamson, Melitta,ed.</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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              <text>Merchant and His Tale.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="109">
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>jules SAC 19 (1997) - 226</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2739460">
                <text>Pears and Pregnancy in Chaucer's 'Merchant's Tale'</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2739466">
                <text>May's request for pears in MerT indicates that she is pregnant, since medieval texts align the condition with a desire for unripe fruit.  Moreover, medieval medical treatises recommend pears for the treatment of stomach disroders, "especially the nausea due to pregnancy."</text>
              </elementText>
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  <item itemId="275121" public="1" featured="0">
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2832613">
              <text>Smilie, Ethan K., and Kipton D. Smilie.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2832614">
              <text>Midwest Quarterly: A Journal of Contemporary Thought 58 (2017): 349-70. </text>
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        <element elementId="112">
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              <text>Smilie, Kipton D.</text>
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        <element elementId="100">
          <name>Journal by Volume Number</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2832616">
              <text>Midwest Quarterly: A Journal of Contemporary Thought 58 (2017)&#13;
Midwest Quarterly 58 (2017)</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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              <text>Background and General Criticism&#13;
Clerk and His Tale&#13;
Prioress and Her Tale&#13;
Canon's Yeoman and His Tale</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
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          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>mea; SAC 42:102</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2832619">
              <text>2017</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2832611">
                <text>Pedagogical Perseverance Past and Present: Chaucer Grades Grit.</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2832612">
                <text>Assesses the "merits and drawbacks" of teaching "grit" (i.e., the "ability to work hard and diligently for long-term goals") as a pedagogical goal, comparing modern notions with Thomistic "studiositas" and "curiositas" and assessing three "gritty students" depicted in CT, their dedication to learning representing a moral range: the misguided Canon's Yeoman, the idealized clergeon of PrT, and the ambiguous Clerk. Maintains that modern pedagogical theorists are beginning to recognize a similar range.</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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        <element elementId="110">
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2745604">
              <text>Holsinger, Bruce W.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2745605">
              <text>New Medieval Literatures 1 (1997): 157-92</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2745606">
              <text>1997</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2745608">
              <text>Prioress and Her Tale.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2745609">
              <text>Manciple and His Tale.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="100">
          <name>Journal by Volume Number</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2745610">
              <text>New Medieval Literatures 01 (1997)</text>
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        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
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              <text>jules SAC 21 - 236</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2745603">
                <text>Pedagogy, Violence, and the Subject of Music: Chaucer's 'Prioress's Tale' and the Ideologies of 'Song'</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2745607">
                <text>Both ManT and PrT reflect the violence inherent in medieval teaching of music, especially evident in the role of tactile solmization--through the use of the Guidonian hand--in ecclesiastical tradition.  In both, Chaucer suggests that music fuels the violence of the "narrative progression from pedagogy to martyrdom and massacre."</text>
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          </element>
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