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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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              <text>Arn, Mary-Jo, and Hanneke Wirtjes, eds.</text>
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              <text>Groningen: Wolters-Nordhoff, 1985.</text>
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              <text>Wirjtes, Hanneke, ed.</text>
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              <text>Background and General Criticism.</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 09 (50)</text>
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                <text>Historical and Editorial Studies in Medieval and Early Modern English: Festschrift for Johan Gerritsen</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Fifteen essays by various hands. For three essays that pertain to Chaucer, search for Historical and Editorial Studies in Medieval and Early Modern English under Alternative Title.</text>
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              <text>Fisher, John H.</text>
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              <text>Text: Transactions of the Society for Textual Scholarship 6 (1994): 165-80.</text>
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              <text>Manuscripts and Textual Studies.</text>
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              <text>Equatorie of the Planetis.</text>
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              <text>Wife of Bath and Her Tale.</text>
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              <text>Text: Transactions of the Society for Textual Scholarship 06 (1994)</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 18 (1996) - 25</text>
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                <text>Since no authorial text of CT or TC is available for a best-text edition, a combination of the habits or "uses" of the earliest scribes, with spelling normalized to accord with Equat, should be used to produce an edition.  Fisher exemplifies such an editorial process for a brief section of WBP.</text>
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              <text>Amano, Masachiyo, and others, eds.</text>
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              <text>xi, 403 pp.</text>
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              <text>Ogura, Michiko ed.</text>
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              <text>Ohkado, Masayuki ed.</text>
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              <text>Studies in English Medieval Language and Literature, no. 22.</text>
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              <text>vxl SAC 32:XX.</text>
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                <text>Historical Englishes in Varieties of Texts and Contexts: The Global COE Programme, International Conference 2007</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Twenty-eight essays by various authors on linguistic aspects of Old and  Middle English. For three that pertain to Chaucer; search for Historical Englishes in Varieties of Texts and Contexts under Alternative Title.</text>
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              <text>Snyder, Matthew J.</text>
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              <text>Christine Devine and Marie Hendry, eds. Turning Points and Transformations: Essays on Language, Literature and Culture (Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars, 2011), pp. 3-15.</text>
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              <text>Christine Devine, ed..&#13;
Marie Hendry, ed.</text>
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              <text>Turning Points and Transformations: Essays on Language, Literature and Culture.</text>
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              <text>Prioress and Her Tale&#13;
Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations</text>
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              <text>201</text>
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                <text>Historical Trauma, the Critic, and the Work of Mourning in Chaucer's "Prioress's Tale."</text>
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                <text>Contrasts the ending of PrT with Latin analogues to argue that the Tale is less concerned with miracles than with martyrdom--Jewish martyrdom as well as Christian--whereby Chaucer suggests the need for mourning human death.</text>
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              <text>Jennifer Nuttall and David Watt, ed. Thomas Hoccleve: New Approaches (Cambridge: Brewer, 2022.), pp. 25-46.</text>
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              <text>Thomas Hoccleve: New Approaches</text>
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                <text>Argues that "because Hoccleve's metre cannot persuasively be reconciled with any known metrical system, it must be allowed its own category." Details Chaucer's metrical "template" and shows how Hoccleve varies it to create his own, although influenced by that of John Walton in his verse translation of Boethius. Hoccleve's and Walton's verse "prefigure modern iambic pentameter" more clearly than does Chaucers.</text>
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              <text>Scala, Elizabeth.</text>
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              <text>TSLL 44: 108-31,   2002.</text>
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              <text>Texas Studies in Literature and Language 44 (2002)</text>
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              <text>vxl SAC 27:164</text>
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                <text>Historicists and Their Discontents: Reading Psychoanalytically in Medieval Studies</text>
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                <text>Assesses the debate between psychoanalytic and historicist critics, arguing that psychoanalytic assumptions and interpretations are embedded in historicist analysis, despite historicist claims of rejecting psychoanalysis. Considers works by major Chaucerians: Louise Fradenburg, Anne Middleton, David Aers, and Lee Patterson.</text>
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              <text>Margherita, Gayle.</text>
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              <text>The Romance of Origins: Language and Sexual Difference in Middle English Literature.</text>
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                <text>Reprinted in Gayle Margherita. The Romance of Origins: Language and Sexual Difference in Middle English Literature (Philadelaphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1994), pp. 100-28.</text>
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                <text>Challenges historicist criticism on the grounds that it is caught between reality and representation, and argues that TC explores this problem in the tension between history and romance.</text>
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                <text>The poem "begins as a drama of loss, and then proceeds to show how this essentially historicist problem becomes, through displacement, a problem of sexual difference."  Troilus "is a victim of feminine and material instability"; Criseyde is "victimized by male fantasies."  Knowing "more than the courtly system can or will allow," Criseyde is a figure of feminine historicism.</text>
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              <text>Semenza, Gregory M. Colón.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2765288">
              <text>Chaucer Review 38: 66-82,   2003.</text>
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                <text>Historicizing 'Wrastlynge' in The Miller's Tale</text>
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                <text>Members of the aristocracy and the middle class engaged in wrestling. Thus, Chaucer's reference to the Miller as a wrestler cannot be dismissed as a reference to the lower class.</text>
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              <text>Tambling, Jeremy.</text>
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              <text>New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016.</text>
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              <text>xvii, 308 pp.; 2 b&amp;w illus.</text>
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              <text>Medieval and Early Modern Devils: Names and Images</text>
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              <text>Friar and His Tale&#13;
Wife of Bath and Her Tale&#13;
Pardoner and His Tale&#13;
Canon's Yeoman and His Tale</text>
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                <text>Histories of the Devil: From Marlowe to Mann and the Manichees.</text>
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                <text>In a chapter entitled "Medieval and Early Modern Devils: Names and Images" (pp. 45–74), assesses the devil-dressed-in-green of FrT and its associations with the fairies in WBT; also comments on the characters in PardT and CYT "who are already devils," whose souls have "gone before their bodies died."</text>
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              <text>Akbari, Suzanne Conklin.</text>
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Man of Law and His Tale</text>
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              <text>mea; SAC 44:38</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2851109">
                <text>Considers Nicholas Trevet's Anglo-Norman chronicle and discusses "the ways in which Trevet's larger vision of history is reflected in Chaucer's writing." Catalogues the various models for history available to and used by Chaucer, including Geoffrey of Monmouth, Ranulf Higden, and Orosius, before moving on to "moments of intensification in Chaucer that correspond to moments of intensification . . . in Trevet."</text>
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                <text>Historiography: Nicholas Trevet's Transnational History.</text>
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              <text>Bauer, Gero.</text>
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              <text>Language and Word Studies&#13;
Style and Versification&#13;
Anelida and Arcite&#13;
Legend of Good Women&#13;
Troilus and Criseyde&#13;
Knight and His Tale&#13;
Man of Law and His Tale</text>
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                <text>Historisches Präsens und Vergegenwärtigung des Epischen Geschehens: Ein Erzähltechnischer Kunstgriff Chaucers.</text>
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                <text>Explores the functions and nuances of the historical present verb tense, focusing on epic scenes in CT (especially KnT and MLT), TC, LGW, and Anel, and assessing how Chaucer's uses of the tense help with vividness, immediacy, and  "visualization" of events. Includes comments on Gower's uses of the verb tense in "Confessio Amantis."</text>
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              <text>Martin, Loy D.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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              <text>jules SAC 02 (105)</text>
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                <text>The form of GP is descended from the genre of the rhetorical catalogue of types, represented in simpler form by the lists of trees and birds in PF.  In PF, the garden represents the world of timeless values and the catalogs the earth-bound realities; in GP the pilgrims are dressed according to their callings but located by class and wealth.</text>
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                <text>History and Literature in the "Nun's Priest's Tale": The Return of the Repressed.</text>
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              <text>Goldberg, Catherine L.</text>
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              <text>WVUPP 44: 34-41,   1998, 1999.</text>
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              <text>Troilus and Criseyde.</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 23 (252)</text>
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                <text>History and Memory in Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde</text>
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                <text>In TC, the layering of sources, authors, characters, and language produces a text that "seeks consciously to exist in the present each time it is read." The complex acts of memory among the characters suggest that time is chaotic, yet a "kind of collective memory" draws the narrative into a universal present.</text>
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              <text>Benoit-Dusausoy, Annick, and Guy Fontaine, ed. Trans. Michael Wooff.</text>
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              <text>New York and London : Routledge, 2000.</text>
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              <text>xxviii, 731 pp.</text>
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              <text>"Chaucer (c.1340-c.1400)."</text>
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              <text>Background and General Criticism.</text>
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                <text>History of European Literature</text>
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                <text>Comprehensive survey of European literatures, writers, genres, motifs, and themes, from Homer to contemporary figures and trends. J. Smith, "Chaucer (c.1340-c.1400)," pp. 142-46, describes Chaucer and his works, discussing him as a humanist and a man "difficult to identify with any one culture: he embodied the transition between two ways of looking at the world."</text>
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              <text>MacDonald, Paul S.</text>
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              <text>Burlington, Vt.: Ashgate, 2003.</text>
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              <text>xi, 398 pp.</text>
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              <text>mea 7/22/2013 No SAC</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2792343">
                <text>History of the Concept of Mind: Speculations about Soul, Mind and Spirit from Homer to Hume</text>
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                <text>Includes a chapter entitled "Mind and Soul in English from Chaucer to Shakespeare" (pp. 245-78) that surveys the denotations and connotations of the words "soul" and "mind," with examples drawn a range of authors, including Chaucer.</text>
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              <text>Hoffman, Richard L., compiler.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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              <text>Boston: Little, Brown, and Co., 1968.</text>
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              <text>xvi, 156 pp.</text>
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              <text>General Prologue to the Canterbury Tales&#13;
Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations</text>
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                <text>History of the English Language: Selected Texts and Exercises.</text>
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                <text>Includes selections from GP (lines 1-42, 285-308, and 545-66) in Middle English, with interlinear glosses.</text>
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              <text>Speaight, George.</text>
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              <text>New York: John de Graff, [1955].</text>
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              <text>Background and General Criticism&#13;
Language and Word Studies&#13;
Miller and His Tale&#13;
Tale of Sir Thopas</text>
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                <text>History of the English Puppet Theatre.</text>
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                <text>A sweeping survey of puppets, puppeteering, puppet shows, and their cultural legacy in England. Surmises briefly (p. 52) that "popet" (Th 7.701) and "popelote" (MilT 1.3254) may evince knowledge of puppet performance in Chaucerian England, but also admits that the terms may have "meant no more than a doll."</text>
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                <text>History, Mission, and Crusade in the Canterbury Tales</text>
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                <text>Together, Chaucer's two  references to the Alexandrian crusade in CT, along with his portrait of the Knight and depictions of Custance and the  Sultaness in MLT, expose similarities between missionary work and crusading. The Knight's participation in a pilgrimage thus endorses "personal spiritual renewal" as a greater good than seeking the religious conversion of others.</text>
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              <text>Ovitt, George,Jr.</text>
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              <text>Mark Amsler, ed.  Creativity and the Imagination: Case Studies from the Classical Age to the Twentieth Century (Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1987): pp. 34-58.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2710795">
              <text>1987</text>
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              <text>Treatise on the Astrolabe.</text>
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              <text>Studies in Science and Culture, vol. 3.</text>
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                <text>History, Technical Style, and Chaucer's 'Treatise on the Astrolabe'</text>
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                <text>Written for "Lyte Lowys" (Chaucer's son), Astr is a concise, brilliant translation of Masha'allah's "De compositione et utilitate astrolabii."  Chaucer best displays his comprehension in his definitions of the equinoctial.  Although written for a ten-year-old, Astr reveals Chaucer's understanding of the functional workings of the astrolabe.</text>
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              <text>Batt, Catherine.</text>
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              <text>Catherine Batt, ed.  Essays on Thomas Hoccleve ([Turnhout, Belgium]: Brepols, 1996), pp. 55-84.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2740688">
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              <text>Essays on Thomas Hoccleve.</text>
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              <text>Wife of Bath and Her Tale.</text>
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              <text>Tale of Melibee.</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 20 (1998), 37</text>
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                <text>Hoccleve and ... Feminism? Negotiating Meaning in 'The Regiment of Princes'</text>
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                <text>Examines the "defense-of-women" section near the end of           Hoccleve's "Regiment" (lines 5090-194) as a meditation on literary influence and the need for the poet to comment on political issues.  The defense alludes to the Wife of Bath and to Prudence of Mel, emulating Chaucer's attitudes toward proverbial wisdom and toward the need for poets to be conscious of audience reception when giving practical advice.</text>
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              <text>Burrow, J. A.</text>
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              <text>Ruth Morse and Barry Windeatt, eds.  Chaucer Traditions: Studies in Honour of Derek Brewer (Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press, 1990), pp. 54-61.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2701308">
              <text>1990</text>
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              <text>Chaucer Traditions: Studies in Honour of Derek Brewer.</text>
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              <text>Chaucer's Influence and Later Allusion.</text>
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              <text>jules - 10/10/94 SAC 14 (30)</text>
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                <text>Hoccleve and Chaucer</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Hoccleve, a personal acquaintance of Chaucer, received personal instruction from Chaucer in the art of English poetry.  Hoccleve remains firmly subordinated to his master poet of imaginary worlds, but his distinctive strength is his being "a poet of the non-imaginary worlds of public and private life."</text>
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              <text>Perry, R. D. </text>
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              <text>Jennifer Nuttall and David Watt, ed. Thomas Hoccleve: New Approaches (Cambridge: Brewer, 2022.), pp. 65-84.</text>
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              <text>Thomas Hoccleve: New Approaches</text>
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              <text>Chaucer's Influence and Later Allusion&#13;
Canterbury Tales--General&#13;
Canon's Yeoman and His Tale&#13;
Legend of Good Women</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2847750">
              <text>SAC 46: 200; rev. mea 12/16/2024</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
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              <text>2022</text>
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                <text>Hoccleve and the Logic of Incompleteness.</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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              <elementText elementTextId="2850857">
                <text>Assesses the "formal organising principle" of Hoccleve's "Series" in light of that of CT (and LGW). Argues that CT is "not just incomplete, but incompleteable" (citing the additivity entailed in CYP), explaining it as Chaucer's response to the conditions of the material production of his work and the inevitability of his own death. Hoccleve's "Series" is also "variable and open-ended" but its incompleteness is constrained by "the way the text presents authorship."</text>
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              <text>Burrow, John.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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              <text>Helen Cooper and Sally Mapstone, eds. The Long Fifteenth Century: Essays for Douglas Gray (Oxford: Clarendon, 1997), pp. 35-49.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2743598">
              <text>1997</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2743599">
              <text>The Long Fifteenth Century: Essays for Douglas Gray.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2743601">
              <text>Chaucer's Influence and Later Allusion.</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 21 - 44</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Although Hoccleve's poetry is in many ways "at a further remove than Chaucer from French formal models," some features of his verse suggest a "closer affinity," especially the holograph manuscripts that can be seen as single-author "collected poems."</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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              <text>Lehr, John.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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              <text>Medieval English Studies 05 (1997): 243-82.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2748347">
              <text>1997</text>
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              <text>Background and General Criticism.</text>
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              <text>Chaucer's Influence and Later Allusion.</text>
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              <text>Medieval English Studies 05 (1997)</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 22 - 130.</text>
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                <text>Hoccleve and the National Language</text>
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                <text>Compares the multilingual conditions of late-medieval England with modern conditions in Korea, Kenya, and Quebec. Then argues that Hoccleve's poetic career resulted from Lancastrian encouragement of a national English language imitating Chaucer's model.</text>
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