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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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              <text>Cowen, J. A.</text>
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              <text>Edward Donald Kennedy, Ronald Waldron, and Joseph S. Wittig, eds.  Medieval Studies Presented to George Kane  (Woodbridge, Suffolk, and Wolfeboro, N.H.: D. S. Brewer, 1988), pp. 147-52.</text>
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              <text>Miller and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Language and Word Studies.</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 12 (151)</text>
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                <text>'The Miller's Tale', Line 3325: 'Merry Maid and Gallant Groom'?</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Examines the lexicographical records of "child" in Middle English and suggests that like Thopas, Absolon may be a Narcissistic figure, influenced by the "Roman de la Rose."</text>
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              <text>Shoaf, R[ichard]. Allen.</text>
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              <text>Tison Pugh and Marcia Smith Marzec, eds. Men and  Masculinities in Chaucer's "Troilus and Criseyde" (Cambridge: D.S. Brewer, 2008), pp. 183-94.</text>
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              <text>Men and Masculinities in Chaucer's "Troilus and Criseyde."</text>
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              <text>Troilus and Criseyde</text>
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              <text>Sources, Analogues and Literary Relations.</text>
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              <text>Chaucer's Influence and Later Allusion</text>
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              <text>vxl SAC 32:321.</text>
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                <text>'The Monstruosity in Love': Sexual Division in Chaucer and Shakespeare</text>
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                <text>Shoaf comments on male separation anxiety in TC and Shakespeare's "Troilus and Cressida," suggesting that the profundity of the poets' realizations underlies their aesthetic power.</text>
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              <text>Carruthers, Mary [J.]</text>
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              <text>John M. Hill and Deborah M. Sinnreich-Levi, eds. The Rhetorical Poetics of the Middle Ages: Reconstructive Polyphony. Essays in Honor of Robert O. Payne (Madison, N.J., and London: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press and Associated University Presses, 2000), pp. 67-87.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2753375">
              <text>2000</text>
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              <text>Rhetorical Poetics of the Middle Ages: Reconstructive Polyphony. Essays in Honor of Robert O. Payne.</text>
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              <text>Book of the Duchess.</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 24 (344)</text>
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                <text>'The Mystery of the Bed Chamber' : Mnemotechnique and Vision in Chaucer's The Book of the Duchess</text>
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                <text>Medieval memory is inherently social and constructive, playing a central role in the process of composition and thus BD is best understood in the context not of psychology but of rhetoric, as an "act of public mourning, of public remembering."</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2780642">
              <text>Hume, Cathy.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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              <text>Studies in Philology 105 (2008): 284-303.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
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              <text>Franklin and His Tale</text>
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              <text>Studies in Philology 105 (2008).</text>
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        <element elementId="109">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2833572">
              <text>vxl SAC 32:235.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2780641">
                <text>'The name of soveraynetee': The Private and Public Faces of Marriage in The Franklin's Tale</text>
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                <text>Chaucer, having established an egalitarian marriage ideal at the beginning of FranT, explores how such an ideal would be tested by real-world circumstances.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2730490">
              <text>Anjum, A. R.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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              <text>Explorations 5 (1978): 40-48.</text>
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              <text>Nun's Priest and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Explorations 05 (1978)</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 02 (199)</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
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                <text>'The Nonnes Preestes Tale': A 'Framework' Story</text>
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                <text>In miniature, the structure of NPT is that of CT.  It begins and ends with the village and its folks, as CT was to begin and end with the Tabard Inn.  The widow and her house are substituted for the Inn and the animals for the Pilgrims.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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              <text>Bishop, Ian.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2728663">
              <text>Review of English Studies 30 (1979): 257-67.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
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              <text>1979</text>
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              <text>Review of English Studies 30 (1979)</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 03 (140)</text>
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                <text>'The Nun's Priest's Tale' and the Liberal Arts</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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                <text>A framework for the function of the medieval world of learning in NPT can be found in the scheme of the Seven Liberal Arts (grammar, rhetoric, dialectic, astrology, arithmetic, geometry, and music).  Although arithmetic and geometry are too abstract to be considered here, the other five merit exploration, with dialectic being the most important for a study of Chaucer's intention.</text>
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                <text>Under the influence of feminine charm, Chauntecleer gives up the dialectician's ability to make significant distinctions.</text>
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              <text>Kaylor, Noel Harold,Jr.</text>
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              <text>Uwe Boker, Manfred Markus, and Ranier Schowerling, eds.  The Living Middle Ages: Studies in Mediaeval English Literature and Its Tradition (Stuttgart: Belser, 1989), pp. 87-102.</text>
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              <text>1989</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2701793">
              <text>The Living Middle Ages: Studies in Mediaeval English Literature and Its Tradition.</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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              <text>Nun's Priest and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Troilus and Criseyde.</text>
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              <text>Boece.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2701789">
                <text>'The Nun's Priest's Tale' as Chaucer's 'Anti-Tragedy'</text>
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                <text>Chaucer's tragedies, e.g. TC, are too complicated to allow easy categorization; likewise, his comedy.  The first English author known to use the term, Chaucer uses "tragedy" to establish commonality between TC and MkT, both of which relate to Bo, where the term also appears. Chaucer's only use of "comedy" in TC is also the first use of the term in English.</text>
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                <text>Kaylor examines structural and thematic relationships between MkT and NPT.  MkT illustrates tragic reversals in fortune; NPT, a comic reversal.  When MkT is interrupted, the Knight and the Host call not for a comedy but for something to make the heart glad.</text>
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                <text>Looking back toward tragedy, NPT is defined as an antitragedy or a burlesque tragedy.  Both TC and NPT are infused with Boethian influence, the image of Fortune's wheel giving shape to both.  Dante's "Comedia" provides a reference point for both TC and NPT.</text>
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              <text>Travis, Peter W.</text>
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              <text>Paul Strohm and Thomas J. Heffernan, eds.  Studies in the Age of Chaucer, Proceedings, No. 1, 1984 (Knoxville, Tenn.: New Chaucer Society, 1985), pp. 81-91.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2715638">
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                <text>'The Nun's Priest's Tale' as Grammar-School Primer</text>
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                <text>The elements of NPT--"beast fable, debate, Catonian assertion,Latin translation"--would have evoked in the audience schoolboy memories of Aesop, Cato, and learning exercises.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2805784">
              <text>Bryant, James C.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>Renaissance Papers n.v. (1972): 17-24.</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2805786">
              <text>1972</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2805788">
              <text>Pardoner and His Tale</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2805789">
              <text>Chaucer's Influence and Later Allusion</text>
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              <text>Renaissance Papers n.v. (1972): 17-24.</text>
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        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2805791">
              <text>mea; 1/18/2016 No SAC</text>
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                <text>'The Pardoner and the Friar' as Renaissance Polemic</text>
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                <text>Identifies several similarities between Chaucer's Pardoner and the title character of John Haywood's "The Pardoner and the Friar" (pub. 1533).</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="110">
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2786860">
              <text>Smith, Richard.</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2786861">
              <text>Linda Cookson and Bryan Loughrey, ed. Critical Essays on The Pardoner's Prologue and Tale (Harlow: Longman, 1990), pp. 18-28.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2786862">
              <text>1990</text>
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        <element elementId="108">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2786863">
              <text>Critical Essays on The Pardoner's Prologue and Tale.</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2786865">
              <text>Pardoner and His Tale</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2786866">
              <text>Style and Versification</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2786867">
              <text>mea 3/8/2013 No SAC</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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      </elementContainer>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2786859">
                <text>'The Pardoner's Prologue and Tale'--Poetry for Performance</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2786864">
                <text>Reiterates that all of Chaucer's poetry was written to be read aloud, and argues that PardT in particular "cries out for dramatic reading," identifying its several features that invite performance, including its "showy" rhetoric, its "theatrical" devices, and its range of inscribed "voices."</text>
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  </item>
  <item itemId="263342" public="1" featured="0">
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="521447">
                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="110">
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2713771">
              <text>Shigeo, Hisashi.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2713772">
              <text>Meiji Gakuin Review 384 (1985): 1-24.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2713773">
              <text>1985</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2713775">
              <text>Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations.</text>
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        <element elementId="100">
          <name>Journal by Volume Number</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2713776">
              <text>Meiji Gakuin Review 384 (1985)</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
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              <text>jules SAC 09 (11)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2713770">
                <text>'The Pardoner's Prologue and Tale', Fragment VI, 11. 326-966</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2713774">
                <text>A Japanese prose translation with notes.</text>
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  </item>
  <item itemId="265691" public="1" featured="0">
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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        <element elementId="110">
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2736616">
              <text>Frantzen, Allen J.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>Britton J. Harwood and Gillian R. Overing, eds. Class and Gender in Early English Literature: Intersections (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1994), pp. 131-48.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2736618">
              <text>1994</text>
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          <name>Alternative Title</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2736619">
              <text>Class and Gender in Early English Literature: Intersections.</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2736621">
              <text>Pardoner and His Tale.</text>
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          <description/>
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              <text>jules SAC 18 (1996) - 221</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2736615">
                <text>'The Pardoner's Tale,' the Pervert, and the Price of Order in Chaucer's World</text>
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                <text>Through his sexual ambiguity and his exposure of the illusory nature of social hierarchy, the Pardoner is a "double threat."  Through him, Chaucer "provisionally negates" the model of the three estates and also "demonstrates, through the fates of the three men and the Pardoner himself, the gratuitous but deeply satisfying destruction of those who depart from the order it dictates."</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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        <element elementId="110">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2786936">
              <text>Cunningham, John E.</text>
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              <text>Linda Cookson and Bryan Loughrey, ed. Critical Essays on The Pardoner's Prologue and Tale (Harlow: Longman, 1990), pp. 104-12.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2786938">
              <text>1990</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2786939">
              <text>Critical Essays on The Pardoner's Prologue and Tale.</text>
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              <text>Pardoner and His Tale</text>
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              <text>mea 3/8/2013 No SAC</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2786935">
                <text>'The Pardoner's Tale: An Unholy Mess?</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Identifies three "sections" of PardT (the "pulpit-thumping," the "story-telling," and the "sales talk," arguing that their apparent disunity is resolved by the character and purpose of the Pardoner.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2739642">
              <text>Ruud, Jay.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2739643">
              <text>Bruce E. Brandt, ed.  Proceedings of the Third Dakotas Conference on Earlier British Literature (Brookings, S.D.: English Department, South Dakota State University, 1995), pp. 35-44.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2739644">
              <text>1995</text>
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        <element elementId="108">
          <name>Alternative Title</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2739645">
              <text>Proceedings of the Third Dakotas Conference on Earlier British Literature.</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="112">
          <name>Contributor</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>Brandt, Bruce ,E.,ed.</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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              <text>Pardoner and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 19 (1997) - 246</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2739641">
                <text>'The Pardoner's Tale' and the Parody of the Resurrection</text>
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                <text>Discusses the Old Man in PardT as a parody of the Resurrection, rather than simply interpreting him allegorically.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="2739648">
                <text>  Looks at the Old Man in the context of the Resurrection, the imagery of the oak tree, and the rioters.</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2814928">
              <text>Hamer, Douglas</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2814929">
              <text>Notes and Queries 214 (1969): 335-36.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2814930">
              <text>1969</text>
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              <text>Pardoner and His Tale</text>
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              <text>Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations</text>
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        </element>
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          <name>Journal by Volume Number</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2814934">
              <text>Notes and Queries 214 (1969)</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2814935">
              <text>mea; 04/07/2016 No SAC</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2814927">
                <text>'The Pardoner's Tale': A West-African Analogue</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2814931">
                <text>Identifies a French prose version (1882) of a West-African tale that is analogous to PardT and perhaps translated first from Arabic into Fula (Peuls) when Moslems entered the area.</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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        <element elementId="110">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2701901">
              <text>Neuss, Paula.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2701902">
              <text>Piero Boitani and Anna Torti, eds.  Religion in the Poetry and Drama of the Late Middle Ages in England (Cambridge:  D. S. Brewer, 1990), no. 57), pp. 119-32.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2701903">
              <text>1990</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="108">
          <name>Alternative Title</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2701904">
              <text>Religion in the Poetry and Drama of the Late Middle Ages in England.</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2701906">
              <text>Pardoner and His Tale.</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2701907">
              <text>jules SAC 14 (219)</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2701900">
                <text>'The Pardoner's Tale': An Early Moral Play?</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2701905">
                <text>Chaucer's PardT "anticipates, and/or possibly draws on, the techniques and devices of the English moral play."  CT is a "play" or game, and PardT is in effect "an early moral play."  A "ful 'vicious' man," the Pardoner himself is a vice.</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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        <element elementId="110">
          <name>Author / Editor</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2718239">
              <text>Kita, Rume.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2718240">
              <text>Core (Doshisha University) (1984): 42-59.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2718241">
              <text>1984</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2718244">
              <text>Parliament of Fowls.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="100">
          <name>Journal by Volume Number</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2718245">
              <text>Core (Doshisha University) (1984)</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2718246">
              <text>jules SAC 08 (215)</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2718238">
                <text>'The Parlement of Foules' ni okeru ai no tankyu: 'Ernest' to 'game' no hazama (In Quest of Love in 'The Parlement of Foules: Between 'ernest' and 'game')</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2718242">
                <text>PF describes various aspects of love, but the continual shift of perspective works to supersede the previous interpretation in the following scene.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="2718243">
                <text>In Japanese.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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  </item>
  <item itemId="264655" public="1" featured="0">
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
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      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="110">
          <name>Author / Editor</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2726368">
              <text>Olson, Paul A.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2726369">
              <text>Studies in the Age of Chaucer 2 (1980): 53-69.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2726370">
              <text>1980</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2726372">
              <text>Parliament of Fowls.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="100">
          <name>Journal by Volume Number</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2726373">
              <text>Studies in the Age of Chaucer 02 (1980)</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2726374">
              <text>jules SAC 04 (151)</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2726367">
                <text>'The Parlement of Foules': Aristotle's 'Politics' and the Foundations of Human Society</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2726371">
                <text>The discussion of love between men and women is the vehicle for discussing the nature of society and social love.  The parliament itself--a talking together--represents the means provided to fallen man for discovering how to achieve the common profit, natural law's equivalent to charity.</text>
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          </element>
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  <item itemId="263051" public="1" featured="0">
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="521447">
                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
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      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="110">
          <name>Author / Editor</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2711001">
              <text>Cherniss, Michael D.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2711002">
              <text>Chap. 7 in Michael D. Cherniss, Boethian Apocalypse: Studies in Middle English Vision Poetry (Norman, Okla.: Pilgrim Books, 1987), pp. 119-47.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2711003">
              <text>1987</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="108">
          <name>Alternative Title</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2711004">
              <text>Boethian Apocalypse: Studies in Middle English Vision Poetry.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2711007">
              <text>Parliament of Fowls.</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="2711008">
              <text>Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2711009">
              <text>jules SAC 11 (249)</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2711000">
                <text>'The Parliament of Fowls'</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2711005">
                <text>Demonstrates how PF uses the naive Boethian narrator--who, confused about love, turns "Ciceronian virtue and vice into varieties of 'love'."  Reader expectation is frequently thwarted:  the narrator misperceives his "own relationship to the locus of his visionary experience and...to his waking researches."</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2711006">
                <text>Examines Chaucer's use of "Somnium Scipionis," and traditions of nature and garden within the Boethian framework:  PF is a "Boethian vision poem by virtue of the relationship of the vision to the visionary's preoccupations," a relationship that "depends upon his confusion and desire for knowledge" about love.</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
                </elementText>
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        <element elementId="110">
          <name>Author / Editor</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2731070">
              <text>Hutchinson, Judith.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2731071">
              <text>Neophilologus 61 (1977): 143-51.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2731072">
              <text>1977</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2731074">
              <text>Parliament of Fowls.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2731075">
              <text>Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
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              <text>Neophilologus 61 (1977)</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2731077">
              <text>jules SAC 02 (250)</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2731069">
                <text>'The Parliament of Fowls': A Literary Entertainment</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2731073">
                <text>A St. Valentine's Day entertainment, PF emphasizes the inevitable, though unembraced, participation in "kynde" of its audience.  The narrator's use and misuse of his authorities frustrate the expectations of his readers, thereby forcing them to re-examine their courtly sophistication.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2718249">
              <text>Rothschild, Victoria.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2718250">
              <text>Review of English Studies 35 (1984): 164-84.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2718251">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2718253">
              <text>Parliament of Fowls.</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2718254">
              <text>Review of English Studies 35 (1984)</text>
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        <element elementId="109">
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              <text>jules SAC 08 (216)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2718248">
                <text>'The Parliament of Fowls': Chaucer's Mirror Up to Nature?</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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                <text>The symbolic structure of PF reinforces meaning; its three sections mirror the divisions of time; allusions to time and nature point toward a natural rather than social hierarchy. As an epithalamium, PF involves the natural world in a time-transcending ceremony.</text>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2738906">
              <text>Hartung, Albert E.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2738907">
              <text>Richard G. Newhauser and John A. Alford, eds.  Literature and Religion in the Later Middle Ages: Philological Studies in Honor of Siegfried Wenzel (Binghamton, N.Y.: Medieval &amp; Renaissance Texts &amp; Studies, 1995), pp. 61-80</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2738908">
              <text>1995</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="108">
          <name>Alternative Title</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2738909">
              <text>Literature and Religion in the Later Middle Ages: Philological Studies in Honor of Siegfried Wenzel.</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2738911">
              <text>Parson and His Tale. </text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2738912">
              <text>Chaucer's Retraction.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2738913">
              <text>jules SAC 19 (1997) - 277</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2738905">
                <text>'The Parson's Tale' and Chaucer's Penance</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2738910">
                <text>A psychoanalytic reading shows that ParsT and Ret belonged originally to a separate document that was later added to CT through ParsP.</text>
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          </element>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="521447">
                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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        <element elementId="110">
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2777363">
              <text>Crafton, John Micheal.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2777364">
              <text>ANQ 20.1 (2007): 8-13.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2777365">
              <text>2007</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2777367">
              <text>Physician and His Tale</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="100">
          <name>Journal by Volume Number</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2777368">
              <text>ANQ: A Quarterly Journal 20 (2007)</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2777369">
              <text>vxl SAC 31:242</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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      </elementContainer>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2777362">
                <text>'The Physician's Tale' and Jephtha's Daughter</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2777366">
                <text>Middle English sermons and manuals of vices and virtues indicate that Chaucer's audience would have understood Jephtha's daughter as a figure of a loose woman. Through allusion to her, Chaucer creates a painfully ironic moment that characterizes Virginius as a false or foolish judge and Virginia as a victim of lust, corruption, and stupidity.</text>
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  <item itemId="265076" public="1" featured="0">
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="521447">
                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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              </elementTextContainer>
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      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="110">
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2730433">
              <text>Masui, Michio.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2730434">
              <text>Chiaki Higashida, ed.  Gengo to Buntai: Higashida Chiaki Kyoju Kanreki Kinen Rombunshu. Language and Style: Essays Commemorating the 60th Birthday of Professor C. Higashida (Osaka: Osaka Kyoiku Tosho, 1975), pp. 9-18.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2730435">
              <text>1975</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="108">
          <name>Alternative Title</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2730436">
              <text>Gengo to Buntai: Higashida Chiaki Kyoju Kanreki Kinen Rombunshu.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2730437">
              <text>Language and Style: Essays Commemorating the 60th Birthday of Professor C. Higashida.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="112">
          <name>Contributor</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2730438">
              <text>Higashida, Chiaki,ed.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2730440">
              <text>Prioress and Her Tale.</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2730441">
              <text>jules SAC 02 (193)</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2730432">
                <text>'The Prioress's Prologue and Tale': A Structural and Semantic Approach</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2730439">
                <text>A "multiple approach" to PrT treats the significant inter-relationships between structure, theme, and meaning.  For instance, Chaucer's use of prayer heightens the religious mood of this tale and emphasizes the mother/son thematic conflict.</text>
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  <item itemId="273073" public="1" featured="0">
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="110">
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2813567">
              <text>Ikegami, Keiko.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2813568">
              <text>Koichi Kano, ed. Through the Eyes of Chaucer:  Essays in Celebration of the 20th Anniversary of Society for Chaucer Studies (Kawasaki: Asao Press, 2014), pp. 43-54.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2813569">
              <text>2014</text>
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        <element elementId="108">
          <name>Alternative Title</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2813570">
              <text>Through the Eyes of Chaucer:  Essays in Celebration of the 20th Anniversary of Society for Chaucer Studies.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2813572">
              <text>Prioress and Her Tale</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2813573">
              <text>Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2813574">
              <text>mea; 2/19/2017 SAC 38:178</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2813566">
                <text>'The Prioress's Tale' and Saints' Legends</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2813571">
                <text>Examines the plot of PrT in relation to the patterns of the saints' legends  as  well as relevant  historical  contexts,  and  discusses Chaucer's intention as well  as narrator's and characters' roles. Compares PrT and Marian miracles in Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Vernon Eng.  poet. a. 1. In Japanese.</text>
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