247 25 16443 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor McMahon, Patrick J., and Allen J. Frantzen. Published Essays in Medieval Studies 27 (2011): 133-47. Date 2011 Chaucer Subject Language and Word Studies Journal by Volume Number Essays in Medieval Studies 27 (2011) Source mea SAC 35:43. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource And---?: Using Digital Tools to Reread 'The Canterbury Tales' Description An account of the resource Explores some possible uses for newly developed digital technologies in the teaching of CT, presenting the data for "and," Chaucer's most used word, suggesting the types of questions that might arise from word count and word usage data. This data can be used to help students generate meaningful questions about texts. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor Sayers, William. Published N&Q 256 (2011): 495-96. Date 2011 Chaucer Subject Language and Word Studies Journal by Volume Number Notes and Queries 256 (2011) Source mea SAC 35:44. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 'Lewd': An Etymology Description An account of the resource The varying senses of "lewed" in Chaucer's works point out the myopia of the received view of the word's history as an easy progression from "lay" to "lascivious." Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor Horobin, Simon. Published Literature Compass 8 (2011): 258-65. Date 2011 Chaucer Subject Language and Word Studies Journal by Volume Number Literature Compass 08 (2011) Source mea SAC 35:41. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer and Late Medieval Language Description An account of the resource "Reviews work on Chaucer's language and its importance for the development of English literary language." Also suggests directions for future language studies. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor Yim, Sung-kyun. Published Medieval and Early Modern English Studies 19.2 (2011): 165-86. Date 2011 Chaucer Subject Chaucer's Influence and Later Allusion Squire and His Tale Journal by Volume Number Medieval and Early Modern English Studies 19 (2011) Source mea SAC 40. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource ['The footing of thy feete': Chaucer in Book 4 of 'The Faerie Queene'] Description An account of the resource Explores Edmund Spenser's adaptation of SqT in Book 4 of his "Faerie Queene," focusing on how he develops a theme of friendship. Spenser claims Chaucer as source, but it seems neither that he "completes" SqT nor focuses on the Cambel/Canacee plot. In Korean, with English abstract. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor Williams, Deanne. Published Literature Compass 8 (2011): 390-403. Date 2011 Chaucer Subject Chaucer's Influence and Later Allusion Franklin and His Tale Journal by Volume Number Literature Compass 08 (2011) Source mea SAC 35:39. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Shakespearean Medievalism and the Limits of Periodization in 'Cymbeline' Description An account of the resource Assesses the idea of Renaissance "medievalism," and reviews recent studies of the topic, focusing on Shakespeare and arguing that FranT is a "key source" of Cymbeline, which "resists the traditional borders and boundaries of periodization." Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor Miner, Paul. Published N&Q 256 (2011): 537-40. Date 2011 Chaucer Subject Chaucer's Influence and Later Allusion Journal by Volume Number Notes and Queries 256 (2011) Source mea SAC 35:38. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Blake's Enemies of Art Description An account of the resource The successive deaths between 1810 and 1816 of several men associated with Thomas Strothard's "Canterbury Pilgrims" painting would seem to have executed a certain poetic justice, for Blake had dubbed himself "Death" in one Notebook poem and, in another, had addressed Strothard as one of his Enemies of Art. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor Khalaf, Omar. Published N&Q 256 (2011): 487-90. Date 2011 Chaucer Subject Language and Word Studies Chaucer's Influence and Later Allusion Journal by Volume Number Notes and Queries 256 (2011) Source mea SAC 35:37 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource An Unedited Fragmentary Poem by Anthony Woodville, Earl Rivers in Oxford, Bodleian Library MS Bodley 264 Description An account of the resource The poem's use of "rare variants" such as "peregal," which appears in Chaucer's TC (5.840) and in Lydgate's "Reson and Sensuallyte" (ll. 1738, 4384), exemplifies its "rather refined" language. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor Honeyman, Chelsea Victoria. Published DAI A71.12 (2011): n.p. Date 2011 Chaucer Subject Chaucer's Influence and Later Allusion Journal by Volume Number Dissertation Abstracts International 73 (2011). Source mea sac 35:36. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Literary and Political Governance in Scottish Reception of Chaucer Description An account of the resource Discusses Scottish poets' uses of Chaucer, both to deepen their own works and to establish their own independent literary tradition. Instances include "Kingis Quair," which incorporates motifs from TC and KnT; Henryson's work; and Gavin Douglas's drawing upon HF and LGW. Argues that William Dunbar implies a Scottish-English political relationship not unlike that of the Scots poets to Chaucer. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor Cooper, Helen. Published London: Arden, 2010. Date 2010 Physical Description xii, 272 pp. Chaucer Subject Chaucer's Influence and Later Allusion Source mea sac 35:35. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Shakespeare and the Medieval World Description An account of the resource Analyzes the influence of medieval culture and Chaucer on Shakespeare. Reveals how Shakespeare relied on Chaucer's language and verse forms for "The Two Noble Kinsmen." Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor Rosenfeld, Jessica. Published Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011 Date 2011 Physical Description vii, 245 pp. Chaucer Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Book of the Duchess Troilus and Criseyde Franklin and His Tale Series Cambridge Studies in Medieval Literature. Source mea sac 35:33. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ethics and Enjoyment in Late Medieval Poetry Description An account of the resource Examines pleasure, happiness, and enjoyment in late-medieval literature as it was influenced by Aristotle's "Nicomachean Ethics," mediated by commentaries and the "Roman de la Rose." Considers a balance of intellectualism and voluntarism, and an ethical emphasis on worldly pleasure, in Machaut, Froissart, Langland, Deguileville, and Chaucer. BD contrasts the narrator's ethical numbness with the self-transcending love of Alcyone and of the Black Knight. The "nexus of courtly and clerkly felicity" installs a new kind of Boethianism and animates the ethics of TC where happiness is the end of human desire. Dorigen of FranT embodies an "intellectual and erotic commitment to mutual experience and emotion." Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor Nielsen, Melinda. Published DAI A73.06 (2012): n.p. Date 2012 Chaucer Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Chaucer's Influence and Later Allusion Journal by Volume Number Dissertation Abstracts International 73 (2012). Source mea sac 35:31. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Impersonating Boethius in Middle English Literature Description An account of the resource Considers the medieval interest in Boethius as a personal model as well as a literary influence, with particular regard to Usk's deployment of Boethius in an effort at self-justification and Hoccleve's connections between Boethius and Chaucer. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor Gerber, Amanda J. Published Ph.D Dissertation. Ohio State University, 2011. viii, 298 pp. DAI A73.06 (2012): n.p. Fully accessible via http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1323788507. Date 2012 Chaucer Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Journal by Volume Number Dissertation Abstracts International 73 (2012). Source mea sac 35:30. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Reframing the 'Metamorphoses': The Enabling of Political Allegory in Late Medieval Ovidian Narrative Description An account of the resource Proposes that Chaucer, Gower, Lydgate, and other contemporaries may have viewed Ovid's work not merely as a source of exempla, but as a rhetorical model for subversive stories. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor Edmondson, George. Published Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press, 2011. Date 2011 Physical Description ix, 280 pp. Chaucer Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Troilus and Criseyde Source mea SAC 35:29. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Neighboring Text: Chaucer, Boccaccio, Henryson Description An account of the resource Applies psychoanalytical analysis to Boccaccio's "Il Filostrato," Chaucer's TC, and Robert Henryson's "Testament of Cresseid," tying "literary neighbor relations to the social and political realities of the late Middle Ages." Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor McKinley, Kathryn L. Published James G. Clark, Frank Thomas Coulson, and Kathryn L. McKinley, eds. Ovid in the Middle Ages (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011), pp. 197-230. Date 2011 Alternative Title Ovid in the Middle Ages. Contributor Clark, James G., ed. Coulson, Frank Thomas, ed. McKinley, Kathryn L., ed. Chaucer Subject Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations Legend of Good Women Manciple and His Tale Source mea SAC 35:28' mea 10/23/20 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Gower and Chaucer: Readings of Ovid in Late Medieval England. Description An account of the resource Briefly surveys uses of Ovid in late-medieval England, and compares Chaucer's and John Gower's engagements with Ovid's works and moralized version of them. Focuses on creative uses of Ovid in Gower's "Vox Clamantis" (Book 1), in the Pyramus and Thisbe and the Theseus and Ariadne narratives in LGW and Gower's "Confessio Amantis," and in ManT and the analogous account in Gower's "Confessio." Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor Reames, Sherry. Published Helen Phillips, ed. Chaucer and Religion (Cambridge: Brewer, 2010), pp. 81-96. Date 2010 Alternative Title Chaucer and Religion. Chaucer Subject ABC Prioress and Her Tale Second Nun and Her Tale Chaucer's Retraction Man of Law and His Tale Source mea sac 35:161. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mary, Sanctity and Prayers to Saints: Chaucer and the Late-Medieval Piety Description An account of the resource Explores religious content of Marian prayers found in ABC, PrP, SNP, Ret and MLT. Argues that Chaucer does not attempt to "simplify moral issues and theological questions" in his tales of saints. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor Knight, Stephen. Published Helen Phillips, ed. Chaucer and Religion (Cambridge: Brewer, 2010), pp. 143-55. Date 2010 Alternative Title Chaucer and Religion. Chaucer Subject Book of the Duchess House of Fame Parliament of Fowls Language and Word Studies Source mea sac 35:142. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Classicizing Christianity in Chaucer's Dream Poems: The 'Book of the Duchess,' 'Book of Fame,' and 'Parliament of Fowls' Description An account of the resource Contends that although BD, HF, and PF are secular poems, Chaucer's structure and wordplay in the dream poems "juxtaposes the secular and the spiritual, the classical and the Christian in complex tension." Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor Broughton, Laurel Published Helen Phillips, ed. Chaucer and Religion (Cambridge: Brewer, 2010), pp. 111-31. Date 2010 Alternative Title Chaucer and Religion. Chaucer Subject Second Nun and Her Tale Prioress and Her Tale Man of Law and His Tale Source mea sac 35:137. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer and the Saints Description An account of the resource Studies Chaucer's tales that revolve around miracles and saints. Maintains that SNT, PrT, and MLT reveal "Chaucer's artistry in deploying his understanding of medieval English piety." Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor Rudd, Gillian. Published Helen Phillips, ed. Chaucer and Religion (Cambridge: Brewer, 2010), pp. 196-208. Date 2010 Alternative Title Chaucer and Religion. Chaucer Subject Nun's Priest and His Tale Man of Law and His Tale Source mea sac 35:136. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Reflections on Teaching Chaucer and Religion: The Nun's Priest Tale and the Man of Law's Tale Description An account of the resource Suggestions for using NPT and MLT for teaching the religious elements of Chaucer in secondary, undergraduate, and postgraduate MA level classes. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor Bale, Anthony. Published Helen Phillips, ed. Chaucer and Religion (Cambridge: Brewer, 2010), pp. 52-64. Date 2010 Alternative Title Chaucer and Religion. Chaucer Subject Canterbury Tales--General Prioress and Her Tale Man of Law and His Tale Source mea sac 35:130. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 'A maner Latyn corrupt': Chaucer and the Absent Religions Description An account of the resource Discusses "non-Christian religion" represented in the CT and examines what it means to be a Jew in PrT or a Muslim in MLT. Argues that Chaucer's understanding of Judaism in PrT and Islam in MLT reveals the "ironies of self-identity and the patterns of human experience" within CT. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor Phillips, Helen. Published Helen Phillips, ed. Chaucer and Religion (Cambridge: Brewer, 2010), pp. 65-80. Date 2010 Alternative Title Chaucer and Religion. Chaucer Subject Background and General Criticism Source mea sac 35:103. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Matter of Chaucer Description An account of the resource Contends that Chaucer's romances, including KnT, MLT, WBT, SqT, FranT, Th, and TC, "exhibit . . . interest in adversity, or philosophical or religious contempt" for suffering as a primary theme. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor Knight, Stephen. Published Helen Phillips, ed. Chaucer and Religion (Cambridge: Brewer, 2010), pp. 41-51. Date 2010 Alternative Title Chaucer and Religion. Chaucer Subject General Prologue to the Canterbury Tales Miller and His Tale Source mea sac 35:95. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 'Toward the fen': Church and Churl in Chaucer's Fabliaux Description An account of the resource Discusses Chaucer's exploration of the relationship between churls and the Church in the GP, and in Chaucer's fabliaux, particularly MilT. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor Raybin, David. Published Helen Phillips, ed. Chaucer and Religion (Cambridge: Brewer, 2010), pp. 189-95. Date 2010 Alternative Title Chaucer and Religion. Chaucer Subject Canterbury Tales--General Source mea sac 35:87. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Teaching Teachers: Chaucer, Ethics, and Romance Description An account of the resource Offers approaches to teaching ethics and spirituality in CT. Provides models and suggestions for teaching CT, and for preparing seminars and conferences designed for new or experienced teachers. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor Phillips, Helen. Published Helen Phillips, ed. Chaucer and Religion (Cambridge: Brewer, 2010), pp. 156-72. Date 2010 Alternative Title Chaucer and Religion. Chaucer Subject Canterbury Tales--General Lyrics and Short Poems Legend of Good Women Source mea sac 35:86. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Morality in the 'Canterbury Tales,' Chaucer's Lyrics and the 'Legend of Good Women' Description An account of the resource Addresses issues of morality and moral perspectives by looking at the wording and structures within the CT, Chaucer's lyrics, and LGW. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor Hanks, D. Thomas. Published Helen Phillips, ed. Chaucer and Religion (Cambridge: Brewer, 2010), pp. 183-88. Date 2010 Alternative Title Chaucer and Religion. Chaucer Subject Canterbury Tales--General Source mea sac 35:79. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 'Gladly wolde [they] lerne [?]': US Students and the Chaucer Class Description An account of the resource Discusses how US students' "grasp of Chaucer's work is hampered by their lack of biblical and doctrinal background" and offers suggestions for teaching CT, including journal exercises that foster interaction among students. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor Dyas, Dee. Published Helen Phillips, ed. Chaucer and Religion (Cambridge: Brewer, 2010), pp. 132-42. Date 2010 Alternative Title Chaucer and Religion. Chaucer Subject Canterbury Tales--General Source mea sac 35:78. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer and the Communities of Pilgrimage Description An account of the resource Explains how medieval pilgrimages, including Chaucer's "temporary community" of pilgrims in CT, are influenced by a "series of concentric circles" of multiple communities.