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              <text>Valentine, Virginia Walker.</text>
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              <text>Virginia Walker Valentine. Chaucer's Knight: A Man Ther Was (Tampa, Fla.: Axelrod, 1994), pp. 1-23.</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 21 - 186</text>
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              <text>Chaucer's Knight: A Man Ther Was</text>
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                <text>Chaucer's Knight: A Man Ther Was</text>
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                <text>Argues from evidence in KnT and GP that Chaucer presents not an idealized figure but a complex, realistic character.  Valentine treats the narrative and rhetorical features of KnT and its relations with Boccaccio's "Teseida" as evidence of the Knight's character; she argues that the GP information must have been learned by the narrator from the Knight himself.</text>
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              <text>Jones, Terry.</text>
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              <text>Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1980.  2d rev. ed., 1985; with new introduction, 1994 (London: Methuen).</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 05 (137)</text>
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                <text>Chaucer's Knight: The Portrait of a Medieval Mercenary</text>
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                <text>Ranging through the history of the Crusades, Jones attempts to prove that Chaucer's Knight is a venal mercenary and Chaucer's means to criticize his contemporary military politics.</text>
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                <text>The 1994 version reprints the revised 1985 edition, with a new introduction.  The introduction responds to Maurice Keen's critique ("Chaucer's  Knight, the English Aristocracy, and the Crusade" in English Court Culture, pp. 45-61), and records Jones's thoughts while writing the book and revising it.</text>
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              <text>Brown, Emerson, Jr.</text>
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              <text>Mediaevalia 15 (1993, for 1989): 183-205.</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 17 (146)</text>
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                <text>Chaucer's Knight: What's Wrong with Being Worthy?</text>
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                <text>Chaucer initially uses "worthy" for the Knight in GP with clear denotative meaning, but by the word's final appearance its meaning becomes ambiguous.  The Knight is not being criticized; rather, the semantic degeneration of "worthy" indicates a corresponding degeneration of the chivalric ideal.</text>
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              <text>Schembri, A. M.</text>
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              <text>Journal of Anglo-Italian Studies 5: 15-37,   1997.</text>
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                <text>Chaucer's changes to Boccaccio's "Teseida" in KnT introduce a concern with Cathar heresy. Until Theseus's final speech, the plot reflects cosmic dualism (Saturn and Jupiter), determinism, and pervasive sterility and evil. The poem is also touched by "Inquisitorial language," and its recurrences of temple, endure, and Thrace align with Cathar concerns.</text>
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              <text>Brewer, Derek.</text>
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              <text>George Hughes, ed. Corresponding Powers: Studies in Honour of Professor Hisaaki Yamanouchi (Woodbridge, Suffolk; Rochester, N.Y.: D. S. Brewer, 1997), pp. 103-12.</text>
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              <text>Corresponding Powers: Studies in honour of Professor Hisaaki Yamanouchi.</text>
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              <text>Hughes, George, ed.</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 22 - 191.</text>
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                <text>Chaucer's Knight's Tale and the Problem of Cultural Translatability</text>
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                <text>Reads KnT as an expression of Chaucer's own outlooks, i.e., his sympathetic views of chivalry and ritual.</text>
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              <text>Edwards, Elizabeth B.</text>
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              <text>Exemplaria 20 (2008): 361-84.</text>
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              <text>Knight and His Tale</text>
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              <text>Exemplaria 20 (2008).</text>
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              <text>vxl SAC 32:175.</text>
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                <text>Chaucer's Knight's Tale and the Work of Mourning</text>
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                <text>Edwards discusses  the rites and purposes of mourning in KnT in relation to the psychological theories of Freud and Derrida. Contrasts the  Freudian account with medieval practices of theology and Purgatory. Tthe pagan setting is necessary to complete the "work of  mourning," impossible in a fourteenth-century Christian society.</text>
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              <text>McAlpine, Monica E.</text>
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              <text>Toronto; Buffalo, NY; London: University of Toronto Press, 1991.</text>
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              <text>1991</text>
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              <text>lii, 432 pp.</text>
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              <text>Bibliographies, Reports, and Reference.</text>
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              <text>The Chaucer Bibliographies, no. 04.</text>
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                <text>Chaucer's Knight's Tale: An Annotated Bibliography, 1900-1985</text>
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                <text>Annotated entries are alphabetized in five chronological periods (1900-30, 1931-60, 1961-70, 1971-80, 1981-85) under two headings: Knight in the GP (and Links) and KnT.</text>
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                <text>Additional sections include editions and translations; sources (subdivided under Teseida, Thebaid, and Roman de Thebes); and backgrounds and general studies (subdivided under Chaucer and Italy, Romance and Romances, Courtliness and Courtly Love, Chaucer and Women, Paganism and the Gods, Chaucer and Science, Estates and Social Satire, and Chivalry).  Entries total 1,134.  Also includes a twenty-seven-page chronological survey of criticism and a forty-nine-page index.</text>
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              <text>Morgan, Gerald.</text>
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                <text>Chaucer's Knight's Tale: The Book of the Duke</text>
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                <text>Examines the characterization of Theseus in KnT, comparing it with that of Boccaccio's Teseo and arguing that Chaucer depicts an ideal of moral worth, aristocratic justice, knightly virtue, and nobility of conquest.</text>
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              <text>Thomas, Paul R.</text>
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              <text>T. L. Burton and John F. Plummer, eds. "Seyd in Forme and Reverence": Essays on Chaucer and Chaucerians in Memory of Emerson Brown, Jr. (Provo, Utah: Chaucer Studio Press, 2005), pp. 19-35.</text>
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                <text>Chaucer's Knight's Tale: Were Arcite and Emelye Really Married? Why It Matters</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2770744">
                <text>Argues that Palamon and Arcite in KnT are very carefully balanced, "even equivalent" as warriors, lovers, and husbands to Emelye. Explains aspects of the symmetry by means of fin amor, or courtly love.</text>
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2767883">
              <text>Taylor, Mark N.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2767884">
              <text>Chaucer Review 38 (2004): 299-313</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
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              <text>vxl sac 28:170</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2767882">
                <text>Chaucer's Knowledge of Chess</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2767886">
                <text>The chess metaphor in BD shows that Chaucer's knowledge of the game, while not extraordinary, was adequate for his purpose. His knowledge could have come from being an actual player, from studying medieval chess puzzles, from knowledge of the "didactic uses of chess in literature," or from chess metaphors. Chaucer's use of the motif serves to express the depth of the Black Knight's love for his wife.</text>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2721787">
              <text>Boitani, Piero.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2721788">
              <text>Chaucer Review 17 (1983): 197-220.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2721789">
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        <element elementId="109">
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>mea SAC 07 (218)</text>
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                <text>Chaucer's Labyrinth: Fourteenth-Century Literature and Language</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>In HF, concerned with the nature of poetry, Chaucer reflects fourteenth-century culture, reveals his debts to Dante and Boccaccio (Lollius), and deals with literature.</text>
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      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="110">
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2732012">
              <text>Kawasaki, Masatoshi.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2732013">
              <text>Hiroe Futamura, Kenichi Akishino, and Hisato Ebi, eds.  A Pilgrimage Through Medieval Literature (Tokyo: Nan' Un-Do Press, 1993), pp. 103-22.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2732014">
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              <text>A Pilgrimage Through Medieval Literature.</text>
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              <text>Chusei Eibungaku-eno Junrei-ni Michi.</text>
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        <element elementId="109">
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              <text>jules SAC 17 (97)</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Chaucer's use of spatial commonplaces to describe landscapes reflects the symbolic nature of the medieval universe and lends philosophical depth to his stories.</text>
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              <text>Elliott, Ralph W. V., edited by L. K. Lloyd Jones.</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>xii, 422 pp.</text>
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              <text>"Chaucer: The Canterbury Tales--Printed by William Caxton, 1477."</text>
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                <text>An anthology of reprinted publications, addresses, and a memoir by R.W.V. Elliott, with topics including Chaucer, the "Gawain"-poet, runes, Thomas Hardy, and more. Two of the three pieces that pertain to Chaucer were published previously, and one is printed here for the first time: "Chaucer: The Canterbury Tales--Printed by William Caxton, 1477" (pp. 287-92), an address to the National Library of Australia in 2002 which describes CT and Caxton's decision to print it twice.</text>
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              <text>Elliott, Ralph (W. V.).</text>
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              <text>Michio Kawai, ed.  Language and Style in English Literature: Essays in Honour of Michio Masui (Tokyo: Eihosha, 1991), pp. 74-95.</text>
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              <text>1991</text>
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                <text>Compares the various landscape features in Chaucer's works with the walled garden of the Roman de la Rose.  The merit of Chaucer's landscapes is that the poet tailored them to be part of an intimate, homey world.</text>
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              <text>Grady, Frank.</text>
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                <text>Identifies various ways Boethius's "Consolation of Philosophy" influenced Langland's "Piers Plowman" formally and thematically, and suggests in conclusion that, unlike other late medieval English writers, Langland and Chaucer "are interested in subjecting the wisdom of the 'Consolation' to the pressures of the world as it can be represented in fiction." Also suggests that Langland's work may have been the "catalyst" of Chaucer in this regard.</text>
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              <text>Horobin, Simon.</text>
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              <text>New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.</text>
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              <text>x, 198 pp.</text>
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              <text>vxl; mea 2/1/2016 [SAC 37:49] SAC 31:69</text>
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                <text>Chaucer's Language</text>
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                <text>Discursive description of Middle English, focusing on Chaucer's dialect and usage, divided into eight chapters: (1) Why Study Chaucer's Language?; (2) Writing in English; (3) What Was Middle English?; (4) Spelling and Pronunciation; (5) Vocabulary; (6) Grammar (includes parts of speech and syntax); (7) Language and Style (includes prose style); and (8) Discourse and Pragmatics (includes forms of address, politeness, swearing, discourse markers, and styles of speech). Each section offers recommendations for further reading. The volume includes an appendix of sample texts, a glossary of linguistic terms, a bibliography, and a brief index.</text>
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                <text>Revised second edition published in 2013 (xii, 221 pp.).</text>
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              <text>Peters, Robert A.</text>
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              <text>Bellingham, Wash. : Western Washington University, 1980.</text>
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              <text>1980</text>
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              <text>vii, 125 pp.</text>
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              <text>Journal of English Linguistics Occasional Monographs, no. 1.</text>
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                <text>After briefly placing Chaucer's language in the history of the development of English, Peters describes Chaucer's vocabulary, phonology, morphology, and syntax. The study is presented as a "one-text description of Chaucer's language for the student of Chaucer's literature."</text>
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              <text>Burnley, J. D.</text>
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              <text>Cambridge:</text>
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              <text>Totowa, N.J.: D. S. Brewer ;</text>
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              <text>Rowman and Littlefield, 1979.</text>
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              <text>Chaucer Studies, no. 02.</text>
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                <text>Chaucer's Language and the Philosophers' Tradition</text>
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                <text>The medieval tyrant "topos," with its lexicon and its various transformations, provides the means of studying Chaucer's moral vocabulary.  The tyrant figure embodies passion, cruelty, injustice, and the heartlessness.  Its antitype is first that of the rationally guided moral philosopher (Seneca)--who exercises prudence and temperance. </text>
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                <text>In this tradition Chaucer shows a rationalistic distaste for love (passion), with his moral position becoming most clear in Mel and ParsT.  Criseyde and the Wife of Bath are tyrantlike in their behavior; Theseus and Griselda, along with Cecilia and Prudence, are antitypes.</text>
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              <text>Ohno, Hideshi.</text>
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              <text>Akio Katami, Tomohiro Kawabata, and Fumiko Yamamoto, eds. A History of the English Language for English Teachers (Tokyo: Kaitakusha, 2018), pp. 83-105.</text>
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Kawabata, Tomohiro, ed.&#13;
Yamamoto, Fumiko, ed.</text>
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              <text> History of the English Language for English Teachers (Tokyo: Kaitakusha, 2018), pp. 83-105.</text>
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                <text>Introduces elements of the English language that are particularly useful for teaching English, following the ordinary division of the language's development into five stages: Old English, Middle English, early modern English, late modern English, and present-day English. Focuses on Chaucer's language as representative of Middle English and discusses word forms, vocabulary, syntax, and regional dialects. In Japanese.</text>
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              <text>Phillips, Susan E.</text>
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              <text>Chaucer Review 46-1.2 (2011): 39-59.</text>
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                <text>Chaucer's Language Lessons</text>
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                <text>Examines the varying degrees and uses of multilingualism among the Canterbury pilgrims and the characters in their tales, commenting on the facile "linguistic posing" of several speakers (Pardoner, Parson, Wife of Bath, Summoner and his characters) and exploring in depth the link between "mercantile pragmatism and foreign language use" in MLT.</text>
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              <text>Johnson, W[illiam]. C., Jr.</text>
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              <text>William C. Johnson and Loren C. Gruber, eds. "New" Views on Chaucer: Essays in Generative Criticism (Denver: Society for New Language Study, 1973), pp. 17-27.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2802926">
              <text>1973</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2802927">
              <text>New Views on Chaucer: Essays in Generative Criticism.</text>
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              <text>mea; 3/9/2015 No SAC</text>
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                <text>Chaucer's Language of Inevitability</text>
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                <text>Exemplifies how Chaucer "frequently presents his characters as victims of a necessity that become meaningful not through its external operation as 'fortune,' but through its inner presence as an experience of 'emotional necessity'," illustrating this theme of the experience of fate in BD, KnT, and MerT. This focus on the relation of fate to personality foreshadows Renaissance sensibility.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2806765">
              <text>Nakao, Yoshiyuki, and Yoko Iyeiri, eds.</text>
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              <text>Suita: Osaka Books, 2013.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2806767">
              <text>1982</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2806768">
              <text>iv, 152 pp.</text>
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              <text>Iyeiri, Yoko, ed.</text>
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              <text>Background and General Criticism</text>
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              <text>mea SAC 37:54</text>
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                <text>Chaucer's Language: Cognitive Perspectives. Studies in the History of the English Language</text>
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                <text>For six articles that pertain to aspects of Chaucer's language, search for Chaucer's Language: Cognitive Perspectives under Alternative Title.</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2761433">
              <text>Hoad, T. F.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
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              <text>PoeticaT 36: 15-37, 1992.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2761435">
              <text>1992</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2761437">
              <text>Language and Word Studies.</text>
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              <text>Poetica: An International Journal of Linguistic Literary Studies 36 (1992)</text>
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              <text>vxl SAC 26: 102</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2761432">
                <text>Chaucer's Language: On What Is Possible in Stylistic Analysis</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2761436">
                <text>Hoad challenges critical discussions of specific words and syntactical emphases in Chaucer on the grounds that modern linguistic intuition is unreliable, comparison of medieval uses is often flawed, and medieval commentary can be misleading. Considers claims about emphasis deriving from word order and about connotations of "stalketh," "hende," "derne love," "lemman," "boystous," and other words.</text>
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              <text>Yager, Susan.</text>
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              <text>James M. Dean, ed. Geoffrey Chaucer (Ipswich, Mass.: Salem Press, 2017), pp. 99-112.</text>
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              <text>Language and Word Studies&#13;
Style and Versification&#13;
To Rosemounde&#13;
Clerk and His Tale</text>
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              <text>SAC 41:116</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2827333">
              <text>2017</text>
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          <description/>
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              <text>Geoffrey Chaucer: Critical Insights Series</text>
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                <text>Chaucer's Language.</text>
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                <text>Outlines the basics of Middle English orthography and pronunciation, and Chaucer's vocabulary and literary models for students. Claims that learning to read Middle English, and understanding concepts of manuscript study, editing, and translation, enhance understanding of critical conversations about Chaucer. Focuses on analyzing Ros and the Clerk's portrait in GP to provide strategies for reading difficult passages, including examining syntactical patterns and reading aloud, and to reveal that Chaucer's iambics can convey a variety of emotions.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2713325">
              <text>Cherniss, Michael (D).</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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              <text>Chaucer Review 20 (1986):183-99.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2713327">
              <text>1986</text>
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              <text>Legend of Good Women.</text>
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              <text>Chaucer Review 20 (1986)</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 10 (227)</text>
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                <text>Chaucer's Last Dream Vision: The 'Prologue' to the 'Legend of Good Women'</text>
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                <text>LGWP may be viewed as the poet's last of four experiments in the dream-vision form and as a self-contained dream poem rather than a simple prologue.  Chaucer affirms the visionary's initial views and attitudes but mocks the authority of its central allegorical figure, thus signaling his abandonment of the older Boethian style of vision and pointing the way to a new sort of poetry.</text>
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