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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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              <text>Arner, Lynn.</text>
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              <text>Kathleen Coyne Kelly and Tison Pugh, eds. Chaucer on Screen: Absence, Presence, and Adapting the "Canterbury Tales" (Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2016), pp. 69-87</text>
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              <text>Chaucer on Screen.</text>
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              <text>Recordings and Films&#13;
Pardoner and His Tale</text>
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              <text>SAC 40:8</text>
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              <text>2016</text>
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                <text>Chaucer and the Moving Image in Pre-World War II America.</text>
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                <text>Describes the limited presence of Chaucer in the early American films, commenting on a Motion Picture Academy educational promotion and a "distorted" version of PardT, "On Borrowed Time" (1939). Offers five reasons for this scarcity: "Americanization," Chaucer's lack of concern with "futurity" in heterosexual coupling (children), his association with the past, a lack of "massification" of his works, and Hollywood's disregard of key audiences--academic, women, and children--in favor of the appeal of Douglas Fairbanks's "vigor."</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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              <text>Sommer, George J.</text>
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              <text>Cithara 23 (1983): 38-47.</text>
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              <text>1983</text>
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              <text>Troilus and Criseyde.</text>
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              <text>Cithara 23 (1983)</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 07 (238)</text>
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                <text>Chaucer and the Muse of History: A Presumption of Objectivity in 'Troilus and Criseyde'</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Discusses poet-narrator ambiguity in four TC prologues and the Epilogue and in the narrator's guise as historian.  The narrator is detached and didactic but also compassionate and helpless.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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              <text>Wilks, Michael.</text>
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              <text>Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester 44 (1962): 489-530.</text>
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              <text>Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester 44 (1962)</text>
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              <text>Wife of Bath and Her Tale&#13;
Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations</text>
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              <text>mea; 4/26/21</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
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              <text>1926</text>
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                <text>Chaucer and the Mystical Marriage in Medieval Political Thought.</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Traces in biblical, classical, and political sources the development of the idea that the Pope and other rulers gain sovereignty through "mystical marriage" to their respective institutions, arguing that WBT "bears a striking similarity to [this] theory of political marriage." Comments on Irish analogues to the WBT and focuses on "four elements" of the Tale that indicate it is political "propaganda" addressed to Richard II: the rape motif, the "dual nature of the hag-wife," the "marriage compact" between knight and loathly lady, and the conferral of sovereignty through God's grace.</text>
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              <text>Boenig, Robert.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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              <text>Lewisburg, Penn.: Bucknell University Press, 1995.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
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              <text>1995</text>
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              <text>231 pp.</text>
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              <text>Canterbury Tales--General.</text>
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              <text>Nun's Priest and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Chaucer's Retraction.</text>
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        <element elementId="109">
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              <text>jules SAC 19 (1997) - 136</text>
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                <text>Chaucer and the Mystics: "The Canterbury Tales" and the Genre of Devotional Prose</text>
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                <text>Similarities between Chaucer and the Middle English mystics do not imply a conscious intention on his part either to imitate the mystics or to parody them ironically.</text>
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                <text>Chaucer may or may not have known the works of Pseudo-Dionysius, Margery Kemp, Richard Rolle, and Julian of Norwich, but these mystics were part of the cultural, social, and political circumscriptions that helped shape his texts.</text>
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                <text>CT shares specific ideas, "topoi," and motifs with the large body of Middle English mystical and devotional treatises.</text>
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                <text>In addition, the mystics' doubts about the valency of language may partially explain Chaucer's persistent fragmentation and his tendency toward simultaneous affirmation and denial, as demonstrated by Chauntecleer's mistranslation of his Latin tag in NPT and by the spiritual erasure of a series of tales in Ret.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2729878">
              <text>Palmer, David Andrew.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2729879">
              <text>Ph.D. Dissertation. McMaster University, 1976. ix, 518 pp. Dissertation Abstracts International 37 (1977): 6507A-08A. Fully accessible via https://macsphere.mcmaster.ca/items/51787e61-3aed-4def-86dd-ad1b8568ee3d (accessed April 12, 2026).</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2729880">
              <text>1977</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
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              <text>Knight and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Squire and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Dissertation Abstracts International 37 (1977)</text>
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        <element elementId="109">
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              <text>jules SAC 02 (121)</text>
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                <text>Chaucer and the Nature of Chivalric Ideas</text>
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                <text>There is a tradition which views the knight's pursuit of love as an inversion of responsibility to God and to society.  In CT, the Knight embodies spiritual and social duty whereas the Squire represents a subversion of proper knightly functions.</text>
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              <text>Phillips, Helen.</text>
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              <text>Ardis Butterfield, ed. Chaucer and the City (Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 2006), pp. 193-210.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
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              <text>2006</text>
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              <text>Chaucer and the City.</text>
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              <text>Chaucer's Influence and Later Allusion.</text>
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              <text>vxl sac 30:69</text>
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                <text>Chaucer and the Nineteenth-Century City</text>
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                <text>The warm acclaim the Victorians gave to Chaucer reflects the nineteenth century's anxious and conflicted responses to rapid urbanization.</text>
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              <text>Ganim, John M.</text>
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              <text>Exemplaria 2 (1990): 71-88.</text>
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              <text>1990</text>
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              <text>Troilus and Criseyde.</text>
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              <text>Knight and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Miller and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Nun's Priest and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 14 (78)</text>
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                <text>Chaucer and the Noise of the People</text>
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                <text>Chaucer represents popular discourse as analogous to social, historical, and even apocalyptic disruption.  He thus variously attempts to contain and to release its power:  In TC, disruption can be temporarily contained by heroic action; in KnT, it functions as an uncontrollable historical agent; in NPT, it is presented comically in animal form but is nonetheless powerful; and in MilT, it is articulated as a festive release.</text>
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              <text>Peck, Russell A.</text>
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              <text>Speculum 53 (1978): 745-60.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2727515">
              <text>1978</text>
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              <text>Speculum 53 (1978)</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 03 (51)</text>
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                <text>Chaucer and the Nominalist Questions</text>
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                <text>As a nominalist, Ockham is aware of the limitation of human perception and the weakness of language to convey ideas without distortion.  In a different way, Chaucer, too, is concerned with these problems, though as a poet he tends to emphasize (not denigrate) ambiguity and paradox.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2770027">
              <text>McTurk, Rory.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2770028">
              <text>Aldershot, Hampshire; and Burlington, Ver. : Ashgate, 2005.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
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              <text>ix, 218 pp.</text>
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              <text>Chaucer's Life.</text>
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              <text>Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations.</text>
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              <text>House of Fame.</text>
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              <text>Wife of Bath and Her Tale.</text>
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              <text>Style and Versification.</text>
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              <text>vxl sac 29:48</text>
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                <text>Chaucer and the Norse and Celtic Worlds</text>
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                <text>Revives the idea that Chaucer visited Ireland between 1361 and 1366, placing new emphasis on the date of the Statute of Kilkenny. Identifies sources for Chaucer's works in Irish and Norse literatures. Observes parallels for HF in the "Topographia Hibernie" of Gerald of Wales, Snorri Sturluson's "Edda," and the Old Irish sagas "Fled Bricrend" and "Togail Bruidne Da Derga."</text>
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                <text>Compares the journey as framework for a collection of tales in CT with Snorri's "Edda" and the Middle Irish saga "Acallam na Senórach." Argues that "Laxdœla Saga" and WBT descend from an Irish version of the Loathly Lady story and surmises that Chaucer's five-stress line may derive from the tradition of Irish song known as amhrán.</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2766629">
              <text>Kendrick, Laura.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>Bulletin des Anglicistes Médiévistes 66 (2004): 79-94.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
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              <text>2004</text>
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          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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              <text>Language and Word Studies.</text>
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              <text>Bulletin des Anglicistes Médiévistes 66 (2004)</text>
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              <text>vxl sac 28:52</text>
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                <text>Chaucer and the Nouvelle</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2766632">
                <text>Examines the origins of the "nouvelle: in "news" and Chaucer's interest in tydynges.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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              <text>Camargo, Martin.</text>
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              <text>SAC 34 (2012): 173-207.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
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              <text>2012</text>
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              <text>Troilus and Criseyde</text>
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              <text>Studies in the Age of Chaucer 34 (2012).</text>
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        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
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              <text>mea sac 36:67</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2800819">
                <text>Chaucer and the Oxford Renaissance of Anglo-Latin Rhetoric</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2800823">
                <text>Surveys rhetorical approaches to Chaucer and documents the "renaissance in rhetoric" in late fourteenth-century England by surveying manuscripts that contain rhetorical treatises. The impact of this renaissance is evident in Chaucer's poetry: while his early poetry was relatively unconcerned with rhetoric, it is clearly evident in TC; present in NPT and SqT; and underlying the characterizations of the Franklin, the Pardoner, and the Monk.</text>
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  <item itemId="264775" public="1" featured="0">
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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              <text>Whitlark, James S.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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              <text>Annuale Mediaevale 18 (1977): 65-75.</text>
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              <text>Background and General Criticism.</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>Annuale Mediaevale 18 (1977)</text>
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        <element elementId="109">
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              <text>jules SAC 03 (52)</text>
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                <text>Chaucer and the Pagan Gods</text>
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                <text>Pagan gods represent planetary influences, alchemic symbolism,psychological allegory of emotional states, and historical examples of virtues or vices.  They also dramatize the worldliness of Chaucer's characters and relate it to the condition of pagans and apostates reviled in the Bible and denounced by the early Christians.</text>
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              <text>Pratt, Robert A.</text>
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              <text>Lillian B. Lawler, Dorothy M. Robathan, and William C. Korfmacher, eds. Studies in Honor of Ullman: Presented to Him on the Occasion of His Seventy-Fifth Birthday (St. Louis: The Classical Bulletin, St. Louis University, 1960), pp. 18-25.</text>
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              <text>Lawler, Lillian B., ed.&#13;
Robathan, Dorothy M., ed.&#13;
Korfmacher, William C. ed.</text>
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              <text>Studies in Honor of Ullman: Presented to Him on the Occasion of His Seventy-Fifth Birthday</text>
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                <text>This fourteenth-century MS carries the notation "Ch," perhaps for "Chaucer," before fifteen of its 310 French lyrics.  Wimsatt edits the "Ch" poems and ten others from the collection to illustrate the kind of French poetry that Chaucer might have written in his youth.</text>
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              <text>Allen, Valerie.</text>
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Canterbury Tales General</text>
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                <text>Draws on connections between "Chaucerian poetics and the properties . . . of gold," and maintains that "gold is a deep metaphor for poetry." Examines Chaucer's poetic references to gold and "sumptuous description" in CT, particularly in KnT. </text>
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              <text>Edwards, A. S. G.</text>
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              <text>Piero Boitani and Anna Torti, eds.  Poetics:  Theory and Practice in Medieval English Literature (Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk: D. S. Brewer, 1991), pp. 57-67.</text>
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              <text>1991</text>
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              <text>Poetics: Theory and Practice in Medieval English Literature.</text>
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                <text>Chaucer and the Poetics of Utterance</text>
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                <text>The characters of individual pilgrims are revealed through their speech, which often serves to underline their philosophical viewpoints.  Chaucer's awareness of language and its creative powers reflects a general skepticism regarding the effectiveness of utterance through poetry.</text>
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              <text>Wallace, David.</text>
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              <text>Comparison 13 (1982): 98-119 : 98-119, 1982.</text>
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              <text>Troilus and Criseyde.</text>
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                <text>Chaucer and the Poets of the Pieno Tricento</text>
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                <text>The tension between sensual love and orthodox truth in TC can be seen in nascent form in Boccaccio's "Filocolo," even though Chaucer depends for his plot on "Filostrato." The tension is rooted in Dante's "Comedy" and in the "Roman de la Rose," but Chaucer, Boccaccio, and Petrarch negotiate it in ways that can be thought characteristic of the late-medieval period.</text>
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              <text>Wetherbee, Winthrop.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2718438">
              <text>1984</text>
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              <text>Troilus and Criseyde.</text>
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                <text>A study of literary allusion in the "Troilus," with specific reference to the "Roman de la Rose," Virgil, Ovid, Statius, and Dante.  Suggests that the poet-narrator of the poem evolves from a writer in the tradition of courtly romance to a poet in the tradition of the classical "poetae."</text>
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              <text>Bloomfield, Josephine.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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              <text>Modern Philology 94 (1997): 291-304.</text>
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              <text>1997</text>
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              <text>Troilus and Criseyde.</text>
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              <text>Modern Philology 94 (1997)</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 21 - 286.</text>
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                <text>Chaucer and the Polis: Piety and Desire in the 'Troilus and Criseyde'</text>
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                <text>Although Chaucer's narrator is sympathetic to the hero of TC, Troilus's "stellification" contradicts our expectations because he values his own desires over the welfare of the polis.  Chaucer's "political and moral judgment against Troilus's behavior" may reflect guarded criticism of the courts of Edward III and Richard II.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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              <text>Grudin, Michaela Paasche.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
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              <text>Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1996.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
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              <text>1996</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2741167">
              <text>ix, 200 pp.</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
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              <text>Book of The Duchess.</text>
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              <text>House of Fame.</text>
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              <text>Parliament of Fowls.</text>
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              <text>Troilus and Criseyde.</text>
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              <text>Knight and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Miller and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Reeve and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Clerk and his Tale.</text>
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              <text>Wife of Bath and Her Tale.</text>
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              <text>Squire and His Tale.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2741181">
              <text>Franklin and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Monk and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Manciple and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 20 (1998), 84</text>
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                <text>Chaucer and the Politics of Discourse</text>
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                <text>A recurrent concern in Chaucer's works is the relation between society and discourse, a concern Chaucer shares with Italian humanists.  In BD, Chaucer demonstrates the reciprocity of speaker and listener; the playfulness and lack of closure in HF indicate the "instability of discourse."  In PF, the Ciceronian ideal of a discursively ordered society is challenged by the birds' cacophony.</text>
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                <text>TC examines how speech itself is a way of understanding human behavior and human interactions.  The authoritative discourse of KnT is challenged by MilT and RvT and contrasted by Walter's hidden intentions in ClT.  WBP demonstrates that discourse cannot be restrained.  In SqT and FranT, speech misused and speech misunderstood are counterpointed.</text>
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                <text>The responses of the Knight and the Host to MkT--itself a     rhetorical tour de force--indicate a "tension between discourse and its receivers."  ManT indicates the necessity for poetic artfulness and perhaps  for guile.  Throughout his career, Chaucer emphasized the uncertain nature of   social discourse by imitating orality and resisting closure.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2759581">
              <text>Kiser, Lisa J.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
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              <text>Karla Armbruster and Kathleen R. Wallace, eds. Beyond Nature Writing: Expanding the Boundaries of Ecocriticism (Charlottesville and London: University of Virginia Press, 2001), pp. 41-56.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2759583">
              <text>2001</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2759584">
              <text>Beyond Nature Writing: Expanding the Boundaries of Ecocriticism.</text>
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              <text>Armbruster, Karla, ed.</text>
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              <text>Wallace, Kathleen R., ed.</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
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              <text>Parliament of Fowls.</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 25 (274)</text>
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                <text>Chaucer and the Politics of Nature</text>
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                <text>Through the tree catalog and the "unassimilated voices of the lower birds" in PF, Chaucer records his awareness that distinctions between nature and culture and between human and nonhuman are "species-ist"--an awareness similar to modern environmental and ecological perspectives.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2792590">
              <text>Wilcox, Karl G.</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2792591">
              <text>Dissertation Abstracts International 66.11 (2005): n.p.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2792592">
              <text>2006</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
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              <text>Legend of Good Women</text>
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              <text>Parson and His Tale</text>
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              <text>Chaucer's Retraction</text>
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        <element elementId="100">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2792597">
              <text>Dissertation Abstracts International 66 (2005)</text>
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        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2792598">
              <text>mea 7/22/2013 No SAC</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2792589">
                <text>Chaucer and the Politics of Penance</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2792593">
                <text>Explores fusions of penitential values and Wycliffite ideals in Chaucer's LGW, ParsT, and Ret, arguing that he used them to counter Richard II's use of exempla to suppress political dissent.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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        <element elementId="110">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2725625">
              <text>Besserman, Lawrence [L.]</text>
            </elementText>
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        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2725626">
              <text>Chaucer Newsletter 1.1 (1979): 15-16.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2725627">
              <text>1979</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2725629">
              <text>Friar and His Tale.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2725630">
              <text>Summoner and His Tale.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2725631">
              <text>Troilus and Criseyde.</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="100">
          <name>Journal by Volume Number</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2725632">
              <text>Chaucer Newsletter 01 (1979)</text>
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        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2725633">
              <text>jules SAC 04 (82)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2725624">
                <text>Chaucer and the Pope of Double Worstede</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2725628">
                <text>Argues that GP 259-62, 642-43, and TC II, 36-37 are allusions to the Great Schism:  the Friar like a pope in his "'double' worstede"; the pope like a popinjay (of two voices?), and the proverb that more than one way leads to Rome.</text>
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  <item itemId="266556" public="1" featured="0">
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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        <element elementId="110">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2745681">
              <text>Staley, Lynn.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2745682">
              <text>David Aers and Lynn Staley. The Powers of the Holy: Religion, Politics, and Gender in Late Medieval English Culture (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1996), pp. 179-259</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
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              <text>1996</text>
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        <element elementId="108">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2745684">
              <text>The Powers of the Holy: Religion, Politics, and Gender in Late Medieval English Culture.</text>
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              <text>Aers, David.</text>
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              <text>Tale of Melibee</text>
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              <text>Second Nun and Her Tale.</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 21 - 244</text>
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                <text>Chaucer and the Postures of Sanctity</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2745686">
                <text>Revises, and reprints as one, the following essays:  "Inverse Counsel: Contexts for the 'Melibee'" and "Chaucer's Tale of the Second Nun and the Strategies of Dissent."</text>
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</itemContainer>
