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              <text>Wenzel, Siegfried.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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              <text>Peter S. Baker and Nicholas Howe, eds. Words and Works: Studies in Medieval English Language and Literature in Honour of Fred C. Robinson (Toronto, Buffalo, and New York: University of Toronto Press, 1998), pp. 261-69.</text>
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              <text>Words and Works: Studies in Medieval English Language and Literature in Honour of Fred C. Robinson.</text>
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              <text>Monk and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 22 - 269.</text>
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                <text>Why the Monk?</text>
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                <text>Surveys attempts to explain how MkT is appropriate to the Monk as teller, and cites examples from monastic preaching of associations of "the monastic profession and an interest in historical examples of misfortune."</text>
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              <text>Finlayson, John.</text>
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              <text>Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 99 (1998): 269-73.</text>
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              <text>Nun's Priest and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations.</text>
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              <text>Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 99 (1998)</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 22 - 270.</text>
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                <text>The 'Povre Widwe' in the 'Nun's Priest's Tale' and Boccaccio's 'Decameron'</text>
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                <text>The vivid details of Decameron 7.3 (the story of Friar Rinaldo)-the corrupt clergy, their obesity and sweating faces, their rich foods and wine, together with the simplicity of the widow's life-suggest that Boccaccio's work may have inspired NPT as a pointed satire of the clergy's failure (especially the Monk's) to meet the needs of lay people.</text>
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              <text>Mooney, Linne R.</text>
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              <text>Medium Aevum 67 (1998): 235-56.</text>
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              <text>Medium Aevum 67 (1998)</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 22 - 271.</text>
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                <text>'A Woman's Reply to Her Lover' and Four Other New Courtly Love Lyrics in Cambridge, Trinity College MS R.3.19</text>
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                <text>Prints the lyric "My lefe ys faren in a lond," referred to by Chaucer in NPT 7.2879.</text>
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              <text>Pearsall, Derek.</text>
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              <text>F. R. P. Akehurst and Stephanie Cain Van D'Elden, eds. The Stranger in Medieval Society (Minneapolis and London: University of Minnesota Press, 1997), pp. 46-62.</text>
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              <text>1997</text>
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              <text>The Stranger in Medieval Society.</text>
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              <text>Nun's Priest and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Language and Word Studies.</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 22 - 272.</text>
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                <text>Strangers in Late-Fourteenth-Century London</text>
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                <text>Explores the nuances of "strange" and "stranger" in Middle English, arguing that noncitizens, immigrants from the provinces, and merchants were considered strangers in London. Comments on the 1381 massacre of Flemings and Chaucer's allusion to it (NPT 7.3394-97).</text>
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              <text>Thomas, Paul R.</text>
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              <text>Peter G. Beidler, ed. Masculinities in Chaucer: Approaches to Maleness in the Canterbury Tales and Troilus and Criseyde (Cambridge; and Rochester, N.Y.: D. S. Brewer, 1998), pp. 187-202.</text>
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              <text>Masculinities in Chaucer: Approaches to Maleness in the Canterbury Tales and Troilus and Criseyde.</text>
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              <text>Nun's Priest and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations.</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 22 - 273.</text>
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                <text>'Have Ye No Mannes Herte?': Chauntecleer as Cock-Man in the 'Nun's Priest's Tale'</text>
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                <text>Differences between NPT and Roman de Renart indicate how Chaucer's 'Tale' depicts a mock-heroic masculinity through its scenes with the cock and the hen and the cock and the fox, as well as in the chase scene.</text>
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              <text>Travis, Peter W.</text>
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              <text>James J. Paxson, Lawrence M. Clopper, and Sylvia Tomasch, eds. The Performance of Middle English Culture: Essays on Chaucer and the Drama in Honor of Martin Stevens (Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 1998), pp. 161-81.</text>
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              <text>The Performance of Middle English Culture: Essays on Chaucer and the Drama in Honor of Martin Stevens.</text>
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              <text>Nun's Priest and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 22 - 274.</text>
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                <text>Reading Chaucer 'Ab Ovo': Mock-'Exemplum' in the 'Nun's Priest's Tale'</text>
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                <text>In the opening of NPT, Chaucer investigates the exemplary form, both honoring the aesthetic persuasion of Geoffrey of Vinsauf and of Horace and-through parody-undercutting prescriptive notions that narrative must have a predominant sense and readers' expectations that it will.</text>
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              <text>Zeitoun, Franck.</text>
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              <text>Leo Carruthers, ed. Reves et propheties au Moyen Age (Paris: Publications de l'Association de Młdiłvistes Anglicistes de l'Enseignement Supłrieur, 1998), pp. 99-112.</text>
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              <text>Nun's Priest and His Tale.</text>
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                <text>Le reve prophetique dans le Conte du Pretre de Nonnains</text>
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                <text>The dissonant echoes within and between Chauntecleer's dream narrative and the subsequent disputatio prevent any clear idea of the veracity of the dream's apparently prophetic nature. In the confrontation between the cock and the fox, the dogmatism of the characters makes mutual understanding impossible. NPT throws light on Chaucer's humanistic viewpoint, revealed here as a belief in human free will.</text>
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              <text>Arthur, Karen.</text>
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              <text>Second Nun and Her Tale.</text>
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                <text>Equivocal Subjectivity in Chaucer's 'Second Nun's Prologue' and 'Tale'</text>
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                <text>Chaucer's choice of this version of the saint's life allows him to portray the interests of a female teller and to fuse masculine and feminine ideals. We hear Cecilia's strident voice and experience her powers of articulation. Further, the hair shirt under the golden robe suggests that she conforms overtly while continuing her self-assertion.</text>
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              <text>Børch, Marianne.</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 22 - 277.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2749622">
                <text>Chaucer's 'Second Nun's Tale': Record of a Dying World</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Views SNT as a "generic experiment" built "upon an epistemological premise whose axiomatic status was crumbling." Discusses analogical, hermeneutical, and hagiographic elements of the "Tale" as well.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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              <text>Abraham, Lyndy.</text>
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              <text>Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2749616">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2749617">
              <text>xii, 249 pp.; 50 b&amp;w figs.</text>
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              <text>Canon's Yeoman and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 22 - 278</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2749613">
                <text>A Dictionary of Alchemical Imagery</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2749618">
                <text>Alphabetical arrangement of alchemical terms and images from "ablution" to "zephyr." The entries define the terms and illustrate the images, citing works in which they appear, including CYPT.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2749605">
              <text>Landman, James H.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="98">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2749606">
              <text>Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies 28 (1998): 389-425.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2749607">
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              <text>Canon's Yeoman and His Tale.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2749610">
              <text>Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies 28 (1998)</text>
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        <element elementId="109">
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              <text>jules SAC 22 - 279.</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
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              <elementText elementTextId="2749604">
                <text>The Laws of Community, Margery Kempe, and the 'Canon's Yeoman's Tale'</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2749608">
                <text>Both CYPT and the "Book of Margery Kempe" raise questions about community and selfhood. In each, an individual criticizes his or her community to the members of a different, markedly less local community. The two texts suggest the precariousness of individual and community self-definitions, and their tensions complicate the distinction between "medieval" and "modern," suggesting the possibility of a distinctly "late medieval" selfhood.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2749595">
              <text>Kline, Daniel Thomas.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>Dissertation Abstracts International 58 (1998): 3125A.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
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          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>Physician and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Prioress and Her Tale.</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="100">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2749601">
              <text>Dissertation Abstracts International 58 (1998)</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 22 - 249</text>
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                <text>'My Sacrifice with Thy Blood': Violence, Discourse, and Subjectivity in the Representation of Children in Middle English Literature</text>
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                <text>Works such as Pearl, PhyT, PrT, and Lydgate's Siege of Thebes present children as transgressive social agents whom society represses through ill treatment to stabilize traditional hierarchies.</text>
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              <text>Wright, Michael J.</text>
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              <text>Studia Neophilologica 70 (1998): 181-86.</text>
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              <text>Franklin and His Tale.</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2749591">
              <text>Studia Neophilologica 70 (1998)</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 22 - 248.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2749585">
                <text>Isolation and Individuality in the Franklin's Tale</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2749589">
                <text>FranT is set in a pre-Christian age, but Dorigen prays to God and thus achieves the status of a good pagan. She is portrayed as an individual rather than a socially rule-bound wife. Chaucer celebrates individuality through her, but he also recognizes the social and personal cost resulting from that individuality.</text>
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              <text>Rossi-Reder, Andrea.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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              <text>Peter G. Beidler, ed. Masculinities in Chaucer: Approaches to Maleness in the Canterbury Tales and Troilus and Criseyde ( Cambridge; and Rochester, N.Y.: D. S. Brewer, 1998), pp. 105-16.</text>
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              <text>Masculinities in Chaucer: Approaches to Maleness in the Canterbury Tales and Troilus and Criseyde.</text>
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              <text>Franklin and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations.</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 22 - 247.</text>
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                <text>Male Movement and Female Fixity in the Franklin's Tale and Il Filocolo</text>
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                <text>Like Boccaccio in Il Filocolo, Chaucer in FranT contrasts men and women by emphasizing men's mobility and women's fixity. Men are depicted as publicly and physically active, while women are privately and intellectually active.</text>
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              <text>Purdon, Liam O., and Julian N. Wasserman.</text>
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              <text>Chaucer Review 33 (1998): 112-15.</text>
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              <text>Wasserman, Julian N.</text>
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              <text>Franklin and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 22 - 246.</text>
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                <text>The Franklin, Food, and the Freemen of York</text>
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                <text>Chaucer's somewhat unusual association of his Franklin with food may reflect the frequent migration of the Exchequer from Westminster to York and the prioritizing of the York food trade as a result. The Franklin may have been a York franklin who profited from the frequent moves.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2749557">
              <text>Lipton, Emma.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2749558">
              <text>Dissertation Abstracts International 60 (1999): 123A.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2749559">
              <text>1999</text>
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              <text>Franklin and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Dissertation Abstracts International 60 (1999)</text>
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        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2749563">
              <text>jules SAC 22 - 245</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2749556">
                <text>'Affections of the Mind': The Politics of Marriage in Late Medieval English Literature</text>
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                <text>Influenced by literature, the meaning of marriage changed radically in late-medieval England. Replacing the celebration of celibacy as reflecting union with Christ, earthly marriage validated itself in bourgeois ideology, as shown by FranT, Gower, the "Mary Plays from the N-Town Cycle," and Margery Kempe.</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2749548">
              <text>Gravlee, Cynthia A.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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              <text>James J. Paxson and Cynthia A. Gravlee, eds. Desiring Discourse: The Literature of Love, Ovid Through Chaucer (Selinsgrove, Penn.: Susquehanna University Press; London: Associated University Presses, 1998), pp. 177-87.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2749550">
              <text>1998</text>
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              <text>Desiring Discourse: The Literature of Love, Ovid Through Chaucer.</text>
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              <text>Franklin and His Tale.</text>
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        <element elementId="109">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2749554">
              <text>jules SAC 22 - 244.</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2749547">
                <text>Presence, Absence, and Difference: Reception and Deception in The Franklin's Tale</text>
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                <text>Argues that the "horizon of expectations" (a concept derived from Hans Jauss) of FranT is never fulfilled by the narrative. Although the Franklin strives to meet social and generic expectations, he leaves his Tale open-ended--Chaucer's means of encouraging his readers to seek beyond the limited assumptions of his narrator.</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2749538">
              <text>Stubblefield, Jay.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2749539">
              <text>English Language Notes 36.1 (1998): 9-10.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2749540">
              <text>1998</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2749542">
              <text>Squire and His Tale.</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="2749543">
              <text>Chaucer's Influence and Later Allusion.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="100">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2749544">
              <text>English Language Notes 36.1 (1998)</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2749545">
              <text>jules SAC 22 - 243</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2749537">
                <text>A Note on Spenser's Faerie Queene IV and Chaucer's Squire's Tale</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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                <text>Suggests that Spenser was influenced by the structure of SqT as well as by its subject matter.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2749529">
              <text>Lucas, Angela M.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2749530">
              <text>Chaucer Review 33 (1998): 123-45.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2749531">
              <text>1998</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2749533">
              <text>Merchant and His Tale.</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2749534">
              <text>Chaucer Review 33 (1998)</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
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          <description/>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2749535">
              <text>jules SAC 22 - 242.</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2749528">
                <text>The Mirror in the Marketplace: Januarie Through the Looking Glass</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2749532">
                <text>January's comparison of looking for a bride to reflections in a mirror evokes associations of limited and distorted vision, of two-dimensional representations, and of reversals of left and right. This image of "imperfect vision" is reflected in January's own blindness and in his misperception of May in MerT.</text>
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  <item itemId="266913" public="1" featured="0">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2749520">
              <text>Everest, Carol A.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2749521">
              <text>Peter G. Beidler, ed. Masculinities in Chaucer: Approaches to Maleness in the Canterbury Tales and Troilus and Criseyde (Cambridge; and Rochester, N.Y.: D. S. Brewer, 1998) pp. 91-103.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2749522">
              <text>1998</text>
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        <element elementId="108">
          <name>Alternative Title</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2749523">
              <text>Masculinities in Chaucer: Approaches to Maleness in the Canterbury Tales and Troilus and Criseyde.</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2749525">
              <text>Merchant and His Tale.</text>
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        <element elementId="109">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2749526">
              <text>jules SAC 22 - 241</text>
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                <text>Sight and Sexual Performance in the Merchant's Tale</text>
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                <text>From the perspective of medieval psychology, January's pretensions to youth and sexual vigor are ridiculous and potentially fatal, since his sexual overactivity diminishes vital spirits and causes, among other effects, blindness and eventually death.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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              <text>Baker, Joan,and Susan Signe Morrison.</text>
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              <text>Yearbook of Langland Studies 12 (1998): 31-63.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2749511">
              <text>1998</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 22 - 240.</text>
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                <text>The Luxury of Gender: Piers Plowman and The Merchant's Tale</text>
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                <text>MerT is a direct response to passus 9 of the B version of Piers Plowman, presenting an "unkyndely similitude" of marriage in contrast to the ideal expressed in Langland's poem.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2749500">
              <text>Paris, Bernard J.</text>
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              <text>Chapter 5 in Imagined Human Beings: A Psychological Approach to Character and Conflict in Literature (New York and London: New York University Press, 1997), pp. 82-92.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2749502">
              <text>1997</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2749503">
              <text>Imagined Human Beings: A Psychological Approach to Character and Conflict in Literature.</text>
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              <text>Clerk and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 22 - 239</text>
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                <text>'The Clerk's Tale'</text>
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                <text>Psychoanalyzes Walter of ClT as one who tests Griselda's submissiveness to assure his own freedom and to vindicate his choice of her as a wife. Griselda seeks personal glory in her subservience. They are "two sick people in a pathological relationship, and Chaucer seems aware of this."</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2749488">
              <text>Newton, Allyson.</text>
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              <text>John Carmi Parsons and Bonnie Wheeler, eds. Medieval Mothering (New York and London: Garland, 1996), pp. 63-77.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2749490">
              <text>1996</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2749491">
              <text>Medieval Mothering.</text>
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              <text>Parsons, John Carmi,</text>
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              <text>Wheeler, Bonnie,ed.</text>
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              <text>ed.</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 22 - 238</text>
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                <text>The Occlusion of Maternity in Chaucer's Clerk's Tale</text>
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                <text>Classical and medieval theories of sexual reproduction privilege the male role as active and occlude the female as passive. This occlusion is paralleled by the plot and language of ClT, in which mothering is subordinated to paternalistic concerns with lineage.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2749478">
              <text>Newman, Florence.</text>
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              <text>Cygne 2 (1996): 19-22.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2749480">
              <text>1996</text>
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              <text>Clerk and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations.</text>
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              <text>Cygne 02 (1996)</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 22 - 237.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2749477">
                <text>The Man with Two Wives: Female Rivalry and Social Power in a Medieval Motif</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2749481">
                <text>An abstract of a paper that considers ClT and Petrarch's version of the Griselda tale in comparison with "Laxdaela Saga" and Marie de France's "Le Fresne". In all, the central female figure "possesses a greater value than may at first appear."</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2749469">
              <text>McKinley, Kathryn L.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2749470">
              <text>Chaucer Review 33 (1998): 90-111.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2749471">
              <text>1998</text>
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              <text>Clerk and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Chaucer Review 33 (1998)</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 22 - 236.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2749468">
                <text>The Clerk's Tale: Hagiography and the Problematics of Lay Sanctity</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2749472">
                <text>The concept of piety was complex and problematic during the Middle Ages, and Chaucer's refusal to align himself with one side or the other in ClT is distressing. Griselda is neither a paradigm for lay sanctity nor an ironic or satiric character.</text>
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