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              <text>Phillips, Susan Elizabeth.</text>
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              <text>House of Fame.</text>
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              <text>Parson and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 24 (115)</text>
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                <text>Gossip, its meaning shifting from idle woman to idle talk, was treated as sinful and suspect in much clerical literature, including ParsT. Gossip in HF, WBP, and ShT provided Chaucer not only narrative techniques but also a method of experimentation with narrative. Phillips analyzes other works, especially Dunbar's.</text>
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              <text>Penhallurick, Robert, and Adrian Willmott.</text>
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              <text>Robert Penhallurick, ed. Debating Dialect: Essays on the Philosophy of Dialect Study (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2000), pp. 5-43.</text>
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              <text>Debating Dialect: Essays on the Philosophy of Dialect Study.</text>
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                <text>Dialect : 'England's Dreaming'</text>
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                <text>Locates the earliest efforts to identify Standard English in William of Malmesbury's comments on language and foreignness, arguing that awareness of foreignness (and little more) underlies the ideal of a standard. Comments on various discussions of dialect in RvT as efforts to locate the rise of a standard.</text>
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              <text>xii, 128 pp.</text>
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                <text>Seven essays by various authors who challenge "orthodox views about dialects and dialectology" while discussing topics of dialect and "standard" in English, especially British English. For two essays that pertain to Chaucer, search for Debating Dialect under Alternative Title.</text>
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              <text>Nohara, Yasuhiro.</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 24 (112)</text>
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                <text>Impersonal Constructions in Chaucer</text>
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                <text>Traces the development of the impersonal to the personal construction on the basis of evidence found in Chaucer.</text>
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                <text>In Japanese.</text>
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              <text>Nevanlinna, Saara.</text>
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              <text>Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 101: 313-21,   2000.</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 24 (111)</text>
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                <text>A Note on the Use of Nonfinite Forms of Intransitive Mutative Verbs with the Verb To Come in Old and Middle English</text>
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                <text>Several examples from Chaucer illustrate late Middle English combinations of come with infinitives and with participles.</text>
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              <text>Irma Taavitsainen, Terttu Nevalainen, Päivi Pahta, and Matti Rissanen, eds. Placing Middle English in Context (Berlin and New York: Gruyter, 2000), pp. 339-56.</text>
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                <text>Traces uses of various prepositions ('of,' 'for,' 'with,' and 'in') and participles in conjunction with the adjective 'weary,' identifying when and where the uses were most frequent in Old and Middle English. Draws examples from Chaucer.</text>
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              <text>Raymond Hickey and Stanislaw Puppel, eds. Language History and Linguistic Modelling: A Festschrift for Jacek Fisiak on His 60th Birthday. 2 vols. (Berlin and New York: Mouton, 1997), 1: 29-57.</text>
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              <text>Language History and Linguistic Modelling: A Festschrift for Jacek Fisiak on His 60th Birthday.</text>
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                <text>Identifies inconsistencies in scholarly descriptions of how to pronounce Chaucerian English, and demonstrates that historical data are inconclusive in many phonemic situations, including long vowels, consonant clusters, final -e, and others. Suggests that Chaucer's English be reconstructed in a form closer to Shakespeare's than to Alfred's.</text>
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              <text>Lozowski, Przemyslaw.</text>
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              <text>Lublin : Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Sklodowskiej, 2000.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2755634">
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              <text>Language and Word Studies.</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 24 (108)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2755631">
                <text>Vagueness in Language : From Truth-Conditional Synonymy to Un-Conditional Polysemy</text>
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                <text>Chapter 3, section 2 discusses Chaucer's verbs "meten" and "dremen" as words that are thought to be synonymous-even though they are not.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2755622">
              <text>Knapp, Peggy A.</text>
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              <text>New York : St. Martin's Press, 2000.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2755625">
              <text>vii, 224 pp.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2755627">
              <text>Language and Word Studies.</text>
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              <text>Chaucer's Influence and Later Allusion.</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 24 (107)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2755621">
                <text>Time-Bound Words : Semantic and Social Economies from Chaucer's England to Shakespeare's</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2755626">
                <text>The words Corage/Courage, Estat/Estate, Fre/Free, Gloss, Kynde/Kind, Lewid/Lewd, Providence, Queynt/Quaint, Sely/Silly, Thrift, and Virtu/Virtue are time-bound. Like all other language, they are bound to and bounded by the social formation in which they occur, the horizon of what is imaginable in a particular time and place. Yet they are also headed into new territory. Each of the words indicates the horizon it helps to define in the Middle Ages and suggests a new understanding of society and culture in the early modern period. These words also influence societal and cultural change, sometimes impeding and sometimes impelling it. Examples of the words are drawn from all of Chaucer's major works.</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755609">
              <text>Jucker, Andreas H., and Irma Taavitsainen.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2755610">
              <text>Journal of Historical Pragmatics 1: 67-95,   2000.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755611">
              <text>2000</text>
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        <element elementId="112">
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              <text>Taavitsainen, Irma.</text>
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              <text>Language and Word Studies.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2755615">
              <text>Cook and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Second Nun and Her Tale.</text>
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              <text>Pardoner and His Tale.</text>
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          <name>Journal by Volume Number</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755618">
              <text>Journal of Historical Pragmatics 01 (2000)</text>
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        <element elementId="109">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2755619">
              <text>jules SAC 24 (106)</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Diachronic Speech Act Analysis : Insults from Flyting to Flaming</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2755613">
                <text>Anatomizes numerous examples of insults in English, from Unferth's challenge of Beowulf to "flaming" in e-mail communication, including examples from SNT, exchanges between the Host and the Cook, and exchanges between the Host and the Pardoner in CT. The perlocutionary effects of insults in saints' lives are highly conventionalized, while other examples from Chaucer are less "rule-governed."</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="521447">
                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2755600">
              <text>Iyeiri, Yoko.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755601">
              <text>American Journal of Germanic Linguistics and Literatures 11: 89-102,   1999.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755602">
              <text>1999</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755604">
              <text>Language and Word Studies.</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755605">
              <text>American Journal of Germanic Linguistics and Literatures 11 (1999)</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2755606">
              <text>jules SAC 24 (104)</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2755599">
                <text>'Ys the Lorde amonge us or not'? : Some Observations on or noon, or no, and or not in English Bibles and Their Historical Development</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2755603">
                <text>Several citations of Chaucer.</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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              <text>Ikegami, Masa (T.)</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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              <text>Hisao Tsuru, ed. Fiction and Truth: Essays on Fourteenth-Century English Literature (Tokyo: Kirihara Shoten, 2000), pp. 145-74.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2755591">
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              <text>Fiction and Truth: Essays on Fourteenth-Century English Literature.</text>
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          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755595">
              <text>Language and Word Studies.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2755596">
              <text>General Prologue to the Canterbury Tales.</text>
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        <element elementId="109">
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          <description/>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2755597">
              <text>jules SAC 24 (103)</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2755588">
                <text>'Wey' and 'Weye' : Chaucer's Final '-e'</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2755593">
                <text>Examines Chaucer's uses of the inorganic final -e in The General Prologue.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2755594">
                <text>In Japanese.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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              <text>Horobin, Simon.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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              <text>Irma Taavitsainen, Terttu Nevalainen, Päivi Pahta, and Matti Rissanen, eds. Placing Middle English in Context (Berlin and New York: Gruyter, 2000), pp. 199-207.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755581">
              <text>2000</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2755582">
              <text>Placing Middle English in Context.</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755584">
              <text>Language and Word Studies.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2755585">
              <text>Manuscripts and Textual Studies.</text>
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        <element elementId="109">
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          <description/>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2755586">
              <text>jules SAC 24 (102)</text>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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                <text>Chaucer's Spelling and the Manuscripts of the Canterbury Tales</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2755583">
                <text>Compiles spelling variants of 'though' (thirteen manuscripts) and the verb 'work' (ten manuscripts) as they occur in CT, seeking to establish Chaucer's basic orthography and to explore scribal habits.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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              <text>Grzaga, Joachim.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2755571">
              <text>NOWELE 36 (2000): 113-20.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2755572">
              <text>2000</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2755574">
              <text>Language and Word Studies.</text>
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              <text>NOWELE: North-Western European Language Evolution 36 (2000)</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 24 (101)</text>
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                <text>Asking Why Exactly 'Them,' 'These,' and 'Those'</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2755573">
                <text>Analyzes the development of th- forms of pronouns (as opposed to h- forms), suggesting that they have less to do with Scandinavian influence than with linguistic generalization and assimilation.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755556">
              <text>Dessart, Jamie Marie Thomas.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2755557">
              <text>Dissertation Abstracts International 60: 4003A,   1999.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
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          <description/>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2755558">
              <text>1999</text>
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              <text>Language and Word Studies.</text>
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              <text>Troilus and Criseyde.</text>
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              <text>Legend of Good Women.</text>
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              <text>Second Nun and Her Tale.</text>
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              <text>Franklin and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Clerk and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Dissertation Abstracts International 60 (1999)</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 24 (100)</text>
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                <text>Rolled on Many a Tongue : The Ironic Convergence of Women, Authority, and Language in Five of Chaucer's Works</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2755559">
                <text>Meanings of the words "women," "authority," and "language" change throughout Chaucer's works, depending on the complex and shifting relationships of speaker, persona, scribe, and audience, plus pervasive irony. Treats TC, LGW, ClT, FranT, and SNT.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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              <text>Earnshaw, Steven.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2755548">
              <text>Manchester and New York : Manchester University Press, 2000.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
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              <text>2000</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2755550">
              <text>x, 294 pp.</text>
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              <text>Canterbury Tales--General.</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 24 (149)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2755546">
                <text>The Pub in Literature: England's Altered State</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2755551">
                <text>Explores drinking establishments (inns, taverns, alehouses, pubs) in English literature for how they have helped to constitute what is thought to be particularly English, starting with CT and Langland's "Piers Plowman" and ending with Martin Amis's "London Fields" (1990). Chaucer and Langland establish the two poles of conviviality and caution against drunkenness that recur throughout English literary history, later complicated by issues of class, gender, nostalgia, and stereotyping.</text>
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        <element elementId="110">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755537">
              <text>DuVal, John, trans.  Introd. and notes by Raymond Eichmann.</text>
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          <name>Published</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2755538">
              <text>Asheville : N.C.: Pegasus, 1999.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755539">
              <text>1999</text>
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        <element elementId="99">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755540">
              <text>xxxii, 165 pp.</text>
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        <element elementId="112">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755541">
              <text>Eichmann, Raymond,Introd. and notes.</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
          <description/>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2755543">
              <text>Background and General Criticism.</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2755544">
              <text>jules SAC 24 (148)</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2755536">
                <text>Fabliaux, Fair and Foul</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2755542">
                <text>Reprint of 1992 edition.</text>
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          </element>
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  </item>
  <item itemId="267490" public="1" featured="0">
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="521447">
                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755527">
              <text>Crocker, Holly Adryan.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755528">
              <text>Dissertation Abstracts International 60: 3373A,   1999.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755529">
              <text>1999</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="102">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2755531">
              <text>Troilus and Criseyde.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2755532">
              <text>Book of the Duchess.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="100">
          <name>Journal by Volume Number</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755533">
              <text>Dissertation Abstracts International 60 (1999)</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755534">
              <text>jules SAC 24 (147)</text>
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      </elementContainer>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2755526">
                <text>The Rhetoric of Feminine Virtue : Fashioning Femininity, Stabilizing Masculinity, 1350-1603</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2755530">
                <text>Female characters may reveal the weakness or value of male characters. Crocker examines BD and TC, as well as Spenser's "Faerie Queene" and Shakespeare's "Taming of the Shrew."</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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  <item itemId="267489" public="1" featured="0">
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="521447">
                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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          </elementContainer>
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        <element elementId="110">
          <name>Author / Editor</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755516">
              <text>Cohen, Jeffrey Jerome, ed.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755517">
              <text>New York : St. Martin's Press, 2000.</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755518">
              <text>2000</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="99">
          <name>Physical Description</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755519">
              <text>[viii], 286 pp.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755522">
              <text>Background and General Criticism.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="104">
          <name>Series</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755523">
              <text>The New Middle Ages.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755524">
              <text>jules SAC 24 (145)</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2755515">
                <text>The Postcolonial Middle Ages</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2755520">
                <text>Fourteen essays by various authors and an introduction by Cohen, using and critiquing postcolonial theory in discussing medieval texts. Topics include the idea of the Orient; notions of time (temporalities) in postcolonial studies; Christian heterogeneity; the othernesses of Islam, Judaism, and Celtic culture; Prester John; Lollard and Lancastrian English; and Lydgate. For three essays that pertain to Chaucer, search for Postcolonial Middle Ages under Alternative Title.</text>
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  <item itemId="267488" public="1" featured="0">
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="521447">
                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
                </elementText>
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          </elementContainer>
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        <element elementId="110">
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755506">
              <text>Childress, Diana.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755507">
              <text>North Haven, Conn. : Linnet, 2000.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755508">
              <text>2000</text>
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        <element elementId="99">
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755509">
              <text>xviii, 137 pp. : 22 b&amp;w illus.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755511">
              <text>Background and General Criticism.</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755512">
              <text>Chaucer's Life.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755513">
              <text>jules SAC 24 (144)</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2755505">
                <text>Chaucer's England</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2755510">
                <text>An introduction to the social, political, and intellectual history of Chaucer's age, aimed at a general audience. Individual chapters pertain to fourteenth-century England and its relations with the Continent, social hierarchy, "cracks" in the social hierarchy, tumultuous events, science and higher learning, agriculture and trade, and family life. A number of charts and excurses provide clear, simplified information on various subtopics. Makes recurrent references to Chaucer's life and works, especially the Canterbury Tales.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
                </elementText>
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    </collection>
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      <description>Items for the Chaucer Database</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="110">
          <name>Author / Editor</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755495">
              <text>Canitz, A. E. Christa, and Gernot R. Wieland, eds.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755496">
              <text>Ottawa : University of Ottawa Press, 1999.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755497">
              <text>1999</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="99">
          <name>Physical Description</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755498">
              <text>viii, 307 pp.</text>
            </elementText>
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        <element elementId="112">
          <name>Contributor</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755499">
              <text>Wieland, Gernot R.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755502">
              <text>Background and General Criticism.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755503">
              <text>jules SAC 24 (143)</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2755494">
                <text>From Arabye to Engelond : Medieval Studies in Honour of Mahmoud Manzalaoui on His 75th Birthday. Actexpress</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2755500">
                <text>Sixteen essays by various authors on Eastern and Western medieval literature and medievalism, plus a bibliography of Manzalaoui's publications. For six essays that pertain to Chaucer, search for From Arabye to Engelond under Alternative Title.</text>
              </elementText>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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          <name>Author / Editor</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755484">
              <text>Burrow, John.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755485">
              <text>J. A. Burrow and Ian P. Wei, eds. Medieval Futures: Attitudes to the Future in the Middle Ages (Woodbridge, Suffolk; and Rochester, N.Y.: Boydell, 2000), pp. 37-48.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755486">
              <text>2000</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="108">
          <name>Alternative Title</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755487">
              <text>Medieval Futures: Attitudes to the Future in the Middle Ages.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755489">
              <text>Background and General Criticism.</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755490">
              <text>Troilus and Criseyde.</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755491">
              <text>Tale of Melibee.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755492">
              <text>jules SAC 24 (142)</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2755483">
                <text>The Third Eye of Prudence</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2755488">
                <text>The image of Prudence's third eye signifies looking to the future and implies that such prudential anticipation of implications and outcomes had "moral and even spiritual significance." Discusses the image and its implications in TC and Mel, as well as in other medieval literature.</text>
              </elementText>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755473">
              <text>Burrow, J. A., and Ian P. Wei, eds.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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              <text>Woodbridge, Suffolk; and Rochester, N.Y. : Boydell, 2000.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755475">
              <text>2000</text>
            </elementText>
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755476">
              <text>xiv, 188 pp.</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755477">
              <text>Wei, Ian P., ed.</text>
            </elementText>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755480">
              <text>Background and General Criticism.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755481">
              <text>jules SAC 24 (141)</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2755472">
                <text>Medieval Futures : Attitudes to the Future in the Middle Ages</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2755478">
                <text>Nine essays by various authors on topics related to common attitudes toward the future in the Middle Ages, i.e., theories and practices rather than apocalyptic concerns. For two essays that pertain to Chaucer, search for Medieval Futures under Alternative Title.</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="521447">
                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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          </elementContainer>
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    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="24">
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      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="110">
          <name>Author / Editor</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755461">
              <text>Brown, Peter, ed.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755462">
              <text>Oxford : Blackwell, 2000.</text>
            </elementText>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755463">
              <text>2000</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="99">
          <name>Physical Description</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755464">
              <text>xvii, 515 pp.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755467">
              <text>Background and General Criticism.</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755468">
              <text>Chaucer's Life.</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755469">
              <text>Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755470">
              <text>jules SAC 24 (140)</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2755460">
                <text>A Companion to Chaucer</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2755465">
                <text>Twenty-nine essays on the literary, social, political, and geographical contexts within which Chaucer produced his work, as well as his response to contemporary ideologies. Each essay includes a survey of existing scholarship in a given area, discussing key issues; an application of those issues to specific passages from Chaucer's works; and an annotated bibliography.</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="2755466">
                <text>Contributors and topics are the following: "Afterlife," Carolyn Collette; "Authority," Andrew Galloway; "Bodies," Linda Ehrsam Voigts; "Chivalry," Derek Brewer; "Christian Ideologies," Nicholas Watson; "Comedy," Laura Kendrick; "Contemporary English Writers," James Simpson; "Crisis and Dissent," Alcuin Blamires; "France," Michael Hanly; "Games," Malcolm Andrew; "Genre," Caroline D. Eckhardt; "Geography and Travel," Scott D. Westrem; "Italy," David Wallace; "Language," David Burnley; "Life Histories," Janette Dillon; "London," Michael Hanrahan; "Love," Helen Phillips; "Modes of Representation," Edward Wheatley; "Narrative," Robert R. Edwards; "Other Thought-Worlds," Susanna Fein; "Pagan Survivals," John M. Fyler; "Personal Identity," Lynn Staley; "Science," Irma Taavitsainen; "Social Structures," Robert Swanson; "Style," John F. Plummer; "Texts," Tim William Machan; "Translation," Roger Ellis; "Visualizing," Sarah Stanbury; "Women," Nicky Hallett.</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="110">
          <name>Author / Editor</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755451">
              <text>Bowers, John M.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755452">
              <text>Denise N. Baker, ed. Inscribing the Hundred Years' War in French and English Cultures (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2000), pp. 91-125.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755453">
              <text>2000</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
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          <name>Alternative Title</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755454">
              <text>Inscribing the Hundred Years' War in French and English Cultures.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755456">
              <text>Background and General Criticism.</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755457">
              <text>Chaucer's Life.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2755458">
              <text>jules SAC 24 (139)</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
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      </elementContainer>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2755450">
                <text>Chaucer After Retters : The Wartime Origins of English Literature</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2755455">
                <text>Using postcolonial theory, events of the 100 Years' War, and speculations about Chaucer's war experiences, Bowers analyzes Chaucer's literary productions--from his early translations from French through LGW--as a reaction against French literary hegemony.</text>
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          </element>
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