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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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              <text>Rose, Christine M.</text>
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              <text>College Literature 28.2: 155-77,   2001.</text>
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              <text>Man of Law and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations.</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 25 (190)</text>
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                <text>Chaucer's Man of Law's Tale: Teaching Through the Sources</text>
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                <text>Use of sources and analogues in the classroom can provide baffled students a point of entry into the complexities of MLT and allow them to appreciate the importance of redaction in medieval literature. In particular, examining Chaucer's feminization of material concerning Constance and her mothers-in-law from Trevet's "Cronicles" helps students see the themes of ideal Christian passivity and the maintenance of patriarchal hegemony.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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              <text>Spearing, A. C.</text>
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              <text>New Literary History 32: 715-46,   2001.</text>
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              <text>2001</text>
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              <text>Man of Law and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Canterbury Tales--General.</text>
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              <text>New Literary History 32 (2001)</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 25 (191)</text>
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                <text>Narrative Voice : The Case of Chaucer's Man of Law's Tale</text>
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                <text>A survey of selected criticism since Kittredge demonstrates that the idea of a fallible narrative voice has dominated criticism of CT. Spearing examines MLT 2.141-96 to show the difficulty of separating narrational from nonnarrational elements and of demonstrating an unreliable narrator. Focus on a fictional, narrative voice obscures the meaning of MLT.</text>
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              <text>Yeager, R. F.</text>
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              <text>R. F. Yeager and Charlotte C. Morse, eds. Speaking Images: Essays in Honor of V. A. Kolve (Asheville, N.C.: Pegasus Press, 2001), pp. 525-57.</text>
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              <text>2001</text>
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              <text>Speaking Images: Essays in Honor of V. A. Kolve.</text>
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              <text>Man of Law and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations.</text>
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              <text>Style and Versification.</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 25 (192)</text>
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                <text>John Gower's Images : 'The Tale of Constance' and 'The Man of Law's Tale'</text>
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                <text>Yeager contrasts Gower's uses of imagery in the 'Tale of Constance" with Chaucer's techniques in MLT, arguing that Gower is more minimalist, but that, like Chaucer, Gower challenges readers to discover the moral implications of the world he describes.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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              <text>Carter, Susan Ann.</text>
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              <text>Dissertation Abstracts International 62: 1403A,   2001.</text>
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              <text>2001</text>
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              <text>Wife of Bath and Her Tale.</text>
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              <text>Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations.</text>
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              <text>Dissertation Abstracts International 62 (2001)</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 25 (193)</text>
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                <text>Willing Shape-Shifters : The Loathly Lady from Irish Sovranty to Spenser's Duessa</text>
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                <text>Examines loathly ladies in Irish myth, Chaucer (WBT), Gower ("Florent"), Dame Ragnell, Thomas of Erceldoune, and ballads, focusing on two loci--court and forest--and kinds of power. Also examines the political significance of the refiguration of sovereignty as evil in Spenser's Duessa.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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              <text>Doob, Penelope Reed.</text>
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              <text>R. F. Yeager and Charlotte C. Morse, eds. Speaking Images: Essays in Honor of V. A. Kolve (Asheville, N.C.: Pegasus Press, 2001), pp. 167-84; 4 b&amp;w figs.</text>
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              <text>2001</text>
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              <text>Speaking Images: Essays in Honor of V. A. Kolve.</text>
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              <text>Wife of Bath and Her Tale.</text>
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              <text>Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations.</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 25 (194)</text>
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                <text>Theseus T(h)reads the Maze : Labyrinthine Empowerment/Impairment and Ariadne's Absence</text>
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                <text>Surveys relations between female literary characters and labyrinths from mythic accounts to Lady Mary Worth's "Pamphilia to Amphilanthus," commenting on Virgil's "Aeneid," Boethius's "Consolation of Philosophy," Dante's "Commedia," WBPT, and the anonymous "Assembly of Ladies." The Wife of Bath constructs a rhetorical labyrinth, and the loathly lady offers the knight an "Ariadnean textual thread."</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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              <text>Dwyer, June.</text>
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              <text>Studies in Short Fiction 35: 307-18,   1998.</text>
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              <text>1998</text>
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              <text>Wife of Bath and Her Tale.</text>
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              <text>Studies in Short Fiction 35 (1998)</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 25 (195)</text>
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                <text>Protocols of Violence : Hunters, the Wife of Bath, and Pam Houston's 'Cowboys Are My Weakness'</text>
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                <text>Two possible versions of women's attitudes toward violence appear in WBPT: WBT idealizes women as a civilizing force working to curb male violence; WBP portrays a woman who uses violence when other means of control fail. Both constructs of female violence can be found in Pam Houston's collection of short stories.</text>
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              <text>Fee, Christopher R., with David E. Leeming.</text>
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              <text>xiv, 242 pp.</text>
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              <text>Leeming, David E.</text>
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                <text>Gods, Heroes, and Kings : The Battle for Mythic Britain</text>
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                <text>Surveys the multicultural nature of medieval British literature, which combines Celtic, Roman, Anglo-Saxon, Norse, and Christian influences. Introduces the myths and heroic figures of pre-Christian cultures through synopses of various narratives and accompanying commentaries. A commentary on a synopsis of WBT suggests that the latter weaves folkloric motifs into a penitential pattern.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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              <text>Kennedy, Beverly.</text>
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              <text>Robert Myles and David Williams, eds. Chaucer and Language: Essays in Honour of Douglas Wurtele (Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2001), pp. 1-32, 178-91.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2758851">
              <text>2001</text>
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              <text>Wife of Bath and Her Tale.</text>
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              <text>General Prologue to the Canterbury Tales.</text>
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              <text>Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations.</text>
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              <text>Manuscripts and Textual Studies.</text>
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                <text>'Withouten Oother Compaignye in Youthe' : Verbal and Moral Ambiguity in the General Prologue Portrait of the Wife of Bath</text>
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                <text>Descriptions of the Wife of Bath in GP and in WBP are consciously ambiguous, a means of reminding us to suspend moral judgment because language is inherently ambiguous. Through glosses and textual choices, modern editions oversimplify the Wife by disambiguating her.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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              <text>Patterson, Lee.</text>
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              <text>[London] : [Birkbeck College], 1995.</text>
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              <text>1995</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2758837">
              <text>49 pp.</text>
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              <text>Place of Philology</text>
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              <text>Man of Law and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Canterbury Tales-General.</text>
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              <text>Manuscripts and Textual Studies</text>
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              <text>The William Matthews Lectures 1995, Birkbeck College, London, 22 and 23 May 1995.</text>
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                <text>Putting the Wife in Her Place</text>
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                <text>Two essays: 1) "The Place of Philology" argues that the MLE is Chaucer's late and revised addition to CT and that it is properly followed by WBP; Patterson confronts the manuscript evidence and suggests several structural and thematic continuities between MLE and WBPT. 2) "The Place of History" assesses the Wife of Bath's individuality in light of medieval marital and property law, arguing that gaps or inconsistencies between historical facts and trends and what the Wife says about her situation indicate her desire for autonomy and a "companionate" marriage.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2758824">
              <text>Terry, Michael.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2758825">
              <text>Notes and Queries 246: 110-12,   2001.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2758826">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2758828">
              <text>Wife of Bath and Her Tale.</text>
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              <text>Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2758830">
              <text>Notes and Queries 246 (2001)</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 25 (199)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2758823">
                <text>Gofraidh Fionn Ó Dálaigh's Analogue to Geoffrey Chaucer's Wife of Bath's Tale</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2758827">
                <text>Proposes that "A Ghearóid déana mo dhail" (ca. 1338-56) be added to the list of analogues to WBT. It involves an interaction between a human and "fairy" being in which the human is rewarded for appropriate behavior; the outcome of the interaction pertains to sexual relations.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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        <element elementId="110">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2758814">
              <text>Wood, Chauncey.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2758815">
              <text>Robert Myles and David Williams, eds. Chaucer and Language: Essays in Honour of Douglas Wurtele (Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2001), pp. 33-43, 191-92.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2758816">
              <text>2001</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2758817">
              <text>Chaucer and Language: Essays in Honour of Douglas Wurtele.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2758819">
              <text>Wife of Bath and Her Tale.</text>
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              <text>Language and Word Studies.</text>
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        <element elementId="109">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2758821">
              <text>jules SAC 25 (200)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2758813">
                <text>The Wife of Bath and 'Speche Daungerous'</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2758818">
                <text>In light of Reason's discussion of direct language in "Roman de la Rose," the Wife of Bath's euphemisms and circumlocution characterize her as unreasonable and a misuser of language.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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        <element elementId="110">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2758805">
              <text>Yaw, Yvonne.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2758806">
              <text>Chaucer Review 35: 318-32,   2001.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2758807">
              <text>2001</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2758809">
              <text>Wife of Bath and Her Tale.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2758810">
              <text>Chaucer Review 35 (2001)</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2758811">
              <text>jules SAC 25 (201)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2758804">
                <text>Students' Study Guides and the Wife of Bath</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2758808">
                <text>Errors in "Cliffs Notes" and "MAX Notes" guides on the Wife of Bath lead to an unsympathetic interpretation of the character and inaccurate reading of WBT.</text>
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  <item itemId="267794" public="1" featured="0">
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2758794">
              <text>Somerset, Fiona.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758795">
              <text>English Literary History 68: 315-34,   2001.</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758796">
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        <element elementId="102">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2758798">
              <text>Friar and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Summoner and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Pardoner and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>English Literary History 68 (2001)</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2758793">
                <text>'Mark Him Wel for He Is On of Þo' : Training the 'Lewed' Gaze to Discern Hypocrisy</text>
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                <text>Various late-medieval English texts (including the Wycliffite "Twelve Conclusions" and Roger Dymmok's "Reply" and other Wycliffite discourse) reflect "anxiety" about laypeople's inabilities to discern clerical hypocrisy. In FrT, Chaucer distinguishes between the summoner's lack of discernment and the astute discernment of the devil and the old lady. Also considers the hypocrisy of the Friar, the Summoner, and the Pardoner.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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              <text>Clouet, Richard.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758786">
              <text>Bulletin des Anglicistes Medievistes 59: 15-25,   2001.</text>
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              <text>Canterbury Tales--General.</text>
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              <text>Bulletin des Anglicistes Medievistes 59 (2001)</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 25 (153)</text>
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                <text>Les Contes de Canterbury et l'Espagne</text>
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                <text>Surveys overt and covert links and references to Spain in CT.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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              <text>Collette, Carolyn. P.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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              <text>Ann Arbor : University of Michigan Press, 2001.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2758767">
              <text>2001</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2758768">
              <text>xiv, 208 pp.</text>
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              <text>Canterbury Tales--General.</text>
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              <text>Knight and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Wife of Bath and Her Tale.</text>
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              <text>Clerk and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Merchant and HIs Tale.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2758775">
              <text>Franklin and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Second Nun and Her Tale.</text>
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              <text>Canon's Yeoman and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Pardoner and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Parson and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Physician and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Chaucer's Retraction.</text>
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              <text>jules SAC 25 (154)</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2758764">
                <text>Species, Phantasms, and Images : Vision and Medieval Psychology in The Canterbury Tales</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2758769">
                <text>Medieval ideas of psychology and cognition underlie the concern with sight, imagination, and "fantasye" in select tales of Canterbury, wherein Chaucer demonstrates that the only certainty in human relations is uncertainty. The male characters of KnT are constrained by the limits of their imaginations. In WBPT and ClT, uncontrolled male will is linked directly to problems of perception; in MerT and FranT, male and female obsessions derive from mental images distorted by desire. Beautiful images influence human "desire, judgment, and greed" in PhyT and PardT, understandable in light of Lollard anxiety about images. SNT and CYT depict successful and unsuccessful attempts to comprehend the relationship between the physical and metaphysical. ParsT seeks to communicate without images, and Ret affirms the uncontrollable nature of human imagination.</text>
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  <item itemId="267791" public="1" featured="0">
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                <elementText elementTextId="521447">
                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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        <element elementId="110">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2758755">
              <text>Dyas, Dee.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758756">
              <text>Cambridge : D. S. Brewer, 2001.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2758757">
              <text>2001</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758758">
              <text>vii, 288 pp.</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758760">
              <text>Canterbury Tales--General.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2758761">
              <text>Parson and His Tale.</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758762">
              <text>jules SAC 25 (155)</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Pilgrimage in Medieval English Literature : 700-1500</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2758759">
                <text>A literal journey and lifelong spiritual experience, pilgrimage involves new surroundings and new levels of understanding. Dyas discusses pilgrimage in early Christian tradition and in Old and Middle English literature, including Chaucer's choice of the pilgrimage frame in CT and the role of ParsT.</text>
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  <item itemId="267790" public="1" featured="0">
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="521447">
                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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        <element elementId="110">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758740">
              <text>Fields, Peter John.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2758741">
              <text>Lewistown, N.Y. : Edwin Mellen Press, 2001.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758742">
              <text>2001</text>
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        <element elementId="99">
          <name>Physical Description</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758743">
              <text>v, 490 pp.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758745">
              <text>Canterbury Tales--General.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2758746">
              <text>Language and Word Studies.</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758747">
              <text>Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2758748">
              <text>Wife of Bath and Her Tale.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2758749">
              <text>Canon's Yeoman and His Tale.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2758750">
              <text>Second Nun and Her Tale.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2758751">
              <text>Prioress and Her Tale.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758752">
              <text>jules SAC 25 (156)</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2758739">
                <text>Craft and Anti-Craft in Chaucer's Canterbury Tales</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2758744">
                <text>Chaucer's interest in craft goes far beyond mere technical process. In CT, the word and its derivations emblematize human efforts to control the world through personal expertise and learned tradition. Fields challenges notions of Chaucer's pluralism, assessing the self-elevation of the Wife of Bath, the resentment of the Squire, and the mystification of CYT and its counteractive concern with humility. He also examines privy knowledge as divine privilege and contrasts the nova artis and dolus of Venus in Virgil's Aeneid with the simple rhetoric of Cecilia in SNT and the speaker of PrT. Later chapters discuss craft and the development of early Christian epistemology in King Alfred's Boethius, and the craft of humanist narrative.</text>
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  <item itemId="267789" public="1" featured="0">
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="521447">
                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="110">
          <name>Author / Editor</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758731">
              <text>Jacobs, Kathryn.</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2758732">
              <text>Gainesville : University Press of Florida, 2001.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758733">
              <text>2001</text>
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          <name>Physical Description</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758734">
              <text>viii, 181 pp.</text>
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          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758736">
              <text>Canterbury Tales--General.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2758737">
              <text>jules SAC 25 (157)</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2758730">
                <text>Marriage Contracts from Chaucer to the Renaissance Stage</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2758735">
                <text>Four chapters explore the influence of contemporary marriage law on Chaucer's imagination, and three investigate similar influences on religious and Renaissance drama. Chaucer did not merely reflect his society's concerns with marriage and its formulas; he capitalized on his reader's awareness of the formulas' consequences. In CT, delineation of marriage can (1) expose characters' social status and establish reader expectations; (2) reconceptualize nonmarital sexual relations by using the language of the familiar marital contract; and (3) encourage a more sympathetic view of widows by examining the straits to which marital contracts reduced them.</text>
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  <item itemId="267788" public="1" featured="0">
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="521447">
                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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        <element elementId="110">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758721">
              <text>Kummerer, K. R.</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758722">
              <text>Journal of the British Astronomical Society 11.4: 203-13,   2001.</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758723">
              <text>2001</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758725">
              <text>Canterbury Tales--General.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2758726">
              <text>Treatise on the Astrolabe.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
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          <name>Journal by Volume Number</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758727">
              <text>Journal of the British Astronomical Society 11 (2001)</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758728">
              <text>jules SAC 25 (158)</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2758720">
                <text>A Consistent Time Frame for Chaucer's Canterbury Pilgrimage</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2758724">
                <text>Discusses seven "celestial assertions" in CT and the reference to April 18 to show that Chaucer "accurately describes the celestial conditions he observed" in southeast England. Astronomical evidence indicates that the CT pilgrimage ends on April 18, 1391, "as the sun was setting and Libra and the full moon were rising." Includes several charts and appendices, including a "description and application of the astrolabe."</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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      <name>ChaucerItem2</name>
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        <element elementId="110">
          <name>Author / Editor</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758711">
              <text>Ladd, Roger Alfred.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758712">
              <text>Dissertation Abstracts International 61: 3163A,   2001.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758713">
              <text>2001</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758715">
              <text>Canterbury Tales--General.</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758716">
              <text>Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="100">
          <name>Journal by Volume Number</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758717">
              <text>Dissertation Abstracts International 61 (2001)</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758718">
              <text>jules SAC 25 (159)</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2758710">
                <text>Merchants, Mercantile Satire, and Problems of Estate in Late Medieval English Literature</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2758714">
                <text>Clerical anti-mercantile views gradually shifted as a "guardedly pro-trade ideology" emerged. Such attitudes also appear in estates satire found in CT, Gower's "Miroir de l'Omme," "Piers Plowman," Margery Kempe, the York cycle plays, and various pro-trade fifteenth-century didactic works.</text>
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  <item itemId="267786" public="1" featured="0">
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="521447">
                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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          <name>Author / Editor</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758695">
              <text>Lawler, Jennifer [L.]</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758696">
              <text>John Block Friedman and Kristen Mossler Figg, eds., with Scott D. Westram and Gregory G. Guzman. Trade, Travel, and Exploration in the Middle Ages: An Encyclopedia. Garland Reference Library of the Humanities, no. 1899 (New York and London: Garland, 2000), pp. 105-06.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758697">
              <text>2000</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="108">
          <name>Alternative Title</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758698">
              <text>Trade, Travel, and Exploration in the Middle Ages: An Encyclopedia.</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="112">
          <name>Contributor</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758699">
              <text>Friedman, John Block, ed.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2758700">
              <text>Figg, Kristen Mossler, ed.</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758701">
              <text>Westram, Scott D.</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758702">
              <text>Guzman, Gregory G.</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758704">
              <text>Canterbury Tales--General.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2758705">
              <text>Chaucer's Life.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2758706">
              <text>Bibliographies, Reports, and Reference.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="104">
          <name>Series</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758707">
              <text>Garland Reference Library of the Humanities, no. 1899.</text>
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        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2758708">
              <text>jules SAC 25 (160)</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2758694">
                <text>Chaucer, Geoffrey (c.1340-1400)</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2758703">
                <text>Brief description of Chaucer's travels and of pilgrimage as a frame in CT. Like the pilgrimage report of Felix Fabri (1441/2-1502), CT is important as a historical record.</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="521447">
                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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        <element elementId="110">
          <name>Author / Editor</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758686">
              <text>Lewis, Celia Milton.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758687">
              <text>Dissertation Abstracts International 62: 2109A,   2001.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758688">
              <text>2001</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758690">
              <text>Canterbury Tales--General.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="100">
          <name>Journal by Volume Number</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758691">
              <text>Dissertation Abstracts International 62 (2001)</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758692">
              <text>jules SAC 25 (161)</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2758685">
                <text>Framing Fiction with Death : 'The Seven Sages of Rome,' Boccaccio's 'Decameron,' and Chaucer's 'Canterbury Tales'</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2758689">
                <text>The "Seven Sages," the "Decameron," and CT share, in addition to frame structure and historical milieux, a concern with death and avoidance of it (plague), a changing sense of time, and a new concept of authorial identity (especially Chaucer). The forms encourage order and verisimilitude.</text>
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          </element>
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  <item itemId="267784" public="1" featured="0">
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="521447">
                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
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    </collection>
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      <name>ChaucerItem2</name>
      <description>Items for the Chaucer Database</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="110">
          <name>Author / Editor</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758676">
              <text>Minnis, A. J.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758677">
              <text>A. J. Minnis. Magister Amoris: The Roman de la Rose and Vernacular Hermeneutics (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), pp. 119-63.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758678">
              <text>2001</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="108">
          <name>Alternative Title</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758679">
              <text>Magister Amoris: The Roman de la Rose and Vernacular Hermeneutics.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758681">
              <text>Canterbury Tales--General.</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758682">
              <text>Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758683">
              <text>jules SAC 25 (162)</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2758675">
                <text>'Parler proprement' : Words, Deeds, and Proper Speech in the Rose</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2758680">
                <text>Explores Jean de Meun's treatment of vulgar talk in "Roman de la Rose" (lines 15,129-272) within the context of late-medieval theories of signification. In various passages of CT, Chaucer also confronts direct language and low subject in literature. With Jean de Meun as his predecessor, Chaucer placed vulgarity at the center rather than in the margins, thereby calling into question value judgments.</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="267783" public="1" featured="0">
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="521447">
                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <itemType itemTypeId="24">
      <name>ChaucerItem2</name>
      <description>Items for the Chaucer Database</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="110">
          <name>Author / Editor</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758664">
              <text>O'Brien, Timothy D.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758665">
              <text>College Literature 28.2: 178-96,   2001.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758666">
              <text>2001</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758668">
              <text>Canterbury Tales--General.</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758669">
              <text>Shipman and His Tale.</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758670">
              <text>Wife of Bath and Her Tale.</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758671">
              <text>Prioress and Her Tale.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="100">
          <name>Journal by Volume Number</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758672">
              <text>College Literature 28 (2001)</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758673">
              <text>jules SAC 25 (163)</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2758663">
                <text>Seductive Violence and Three Chaucerian Women</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2758667">
                <text>The Wife of Bath, the Prioress, and the wife in ShT represent themselves as victims of violence to make themselves attractive to men. In doing so, they draw on texts, such as medieval saints' lives and romances, that depict violence as central to the formation and maintenance of gender. The arrangement of this material suggests that Chaucer was simultaneously aware of, complicit in, and subject to this process of gender formation.</text>
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          </element>
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  <item itemId="267782" public="1" featured="0">
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="521447">
                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
                </elementText>
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      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="110">
          <name>Author / Editor</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758651">
              <text>Pitcher, John Austin.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758652">
              <text>Dissertation Abstracts International 61: 3582A,   2001.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758653">
              <text>2001</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758655">
              <text>Canterbury Tales--General.</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758656">
              <text>Physician and His Tale.</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758657">
              <text>Clerk and His Tale.</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758658">
              <text>Franklin and His Tale.</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758659">
              <text>Wife of Bath and Her Tale.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="100">
          <name>Journal by Volume Number</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758660">
              <text>Dissertation Abstracts International 61 (2001)</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2758661">
              <text>jules SAC 25 (164)</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
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                <text>Equivocations: The Agency of Desire in 'The Canterbury Tales'</text>
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                <text>Examines the "interrelation of equivocation and desire" in PhyT, ClT, FranT, and WBPT, not in what the narrators and characters say, but through a "movement or oscillation between opposed interests." In CT, sexual politics can be found in the ambivalences, anomalies, and complexities of language.</text>
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