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              <text>Fumo, Jamie C.</text>
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              <text>Mediaevalia 23 : 1-37, 2002.</text>
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              <text>Merchant and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Mediaevalia 23 (2002)</text>
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                <text>An Interpretive Crux in Januarie's Garden: Chaucer's Merchant's Tale and the Crucifixion</text>
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                <text>Building on three generally acknowledged biblical motifs in MerT, Fumo suggests "the presence, indeed the dominance, of a fourth": the Crucifixion. Januarie's pain in marriage is associated with "Christ's suffering on the cross"; however, the pear-tree climax parodies events associated with the Crucifixion, the husband is complicit in his own suffering, and the climax is an "enactment" of Januarie's "spiritual choice . . . to reject Christian truth." Whatever the Merchant's intentions in telling the Tale, he is "blind" to its implications.</text>
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              <text>Furrow, Melissa (M.)</text>
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              <text>Dallhousie Review 82.1 : 11-31, 2002.</text>
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              <text>Merchant and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>vxl sac 26:227</text>
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                <text>Artists Reading Romance: The Tryst Beneath the Tree</text>
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                <text>Furrow surveys medieval verbal and visual depictions of the love-tryst beneath the tree, focusing on the duping of Mark by Tristan and Isolde. Adaptations of the scene in romances include MerT and its analogue, "The Comedy of Lydia."</text>
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              <text>Bleeth, Kenneth (A.)</text>
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              <text>Kathryn Lynch, ed. Chaucer's Cultural Geography (New York and London: Routledge, 2002), pp. 21-31.</text>
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              <text>Chaucer's Cultural Geography.</text>
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              <text>Squire and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>vxl sac 26:228</text>
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                <text>Orientalism and the Critical History of the Squire's Tale</text>
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                <text>Bleeth surveys critical responses to SqT for the ways they reflect assumptions about and attitudes toward the East as a cultural Other. Considers criticism from Thomas Warton (1778) through recent efforts to come to terms with and go beyond Edward Said's Orientalism (1978).</text>
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              <text>Battles, Paul.</text>
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              <text>Timothy S. Jones and David A. Sprunger, eds. Marvels, Monsters, and Miracles: Studies in the Medieval and Early Modern Imaginations (Kalamazoo, Mich.: Medieval Institute Publications, 2002), pp. 243-66.</text>
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              <text>Marvels, Monsters, and Miracles: Studies in the Medieval and Early Modern Imaginations.</text>
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              <text>Franklin and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>vxl sac 26:230</text>
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                <text>Magic and Metafiction in the Franklin's Tale: Chaucer's Clerk of Orléans as Double of the Franklin</text>
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                <text>Similarities between magic and tale-telling and between the clerk of Orléans and the Franklin recur in FranT, despite the Franklin's attempts to distance them. As the clerk seeks to educate Aurelius, the Franklin tries to teach the Squire.</text>
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              <text>Breeze, Andrew.</text>
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              <text>ChauR 37 : 95-99, 2002.</text>
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              <text>Franklin and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Chaucer Review 37 (2002)</text>
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              <text>vxl sac 26:231</text>
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                <text>The Name of Kayrrud in the Franklin's Tale</text>
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                <text>"Kayrrud," the home of Arveragus in FranT, refers not to a "red fort," as Tatlock suggested (1914), but to "Kairiud," a fishing village "one mile east of Penmarch Head." Chaucer's knowledge of Middle Breton was more precise than commentators have supposed.</text>
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              <text>Davis, Craig R.</text>
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              <text>ChauR 37 : 129-44, 2002.</text>
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              <text>Franklin and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Chaucer's Life.</text>
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              <text>Chaucer Review 37 (2002)</text>
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              <text>vxl sac 26:232</text>
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                <text>A Perfect Marriage on the Rocks: Geoffrey and Philippa Chaucer, and the Franklin's Tale</text>
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                <text>In its concerns with social rank and professional distractions, the marriage of Arveragus and Dorigen in FranT mirrors that of Chaucer and Philippa. The theme of the Tale (that true love cannot be maintained without outside considerations) might mirror what the poet and his wife came to learn, and its genre (Breton lai), by convention concerned with the growing pains of love over time and ultimate optimism, is perfectly suited for a union such as Chaucer may have had.</text>
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              <text>Englade, Emilio.</text>
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              <text>Publications of the Medieval Association of the Midwest 5 : 34-57, 1998.</text>
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                <text>'Straw for Youre Gentillesse!': Masculine Identity, Honor, and Dorigen</text>
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                <text>Dorigen of FranT is "more important as a figure that reflects back on men and their desires than as a distinct character in herself." Englade applies Georges Bataille's "expenditure" theory to show that there is "no place for Dorigen within the bonds men form with each other" and that men's efforts at pursuing honor divide them.</text>
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                <text>Contrasts FranT with analogous medieval accounts of wife exchange to argue that Chaucer's "unusual" version "testifies to Arveragus's regard for his wife and to Aurelius's regard for Averagus's regard for his wife." Other versions testify to male homosociality: "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight," "Lantfrid and Cobbo," "Athis and Prophilias," "Amis and Amiloun," the story of Rollo in Walter Map's "De nugis curialium," and Boccaccio's tale of Tarolfo in Decameron 4. A revised version of the article appears in Mann's Feminizing Chaucer (2002).</text>
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                <text>FranT raises problems rather than providing a solution in the Marriage Group. Like ClT, it poses "a problematic marriage agreement" at the outset; like MerT, it shows that disastrous consequences can result from introducing non-marital love into a marital relationship.</text>
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              <text>Helena Raumolin-Brunberg, Minna Nevala, Arja Nurmi, and Matti Rissanen, eds. Variation Past and Present: VARIENG Studies on English for Terttu Nevalainen. Mémoires de la Société Néophilologique de Helsinki, no. 61 (Helsinki: Société Néophilologique, 2002), pp. 287-300.</text>
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                <text>'Have Her My Trouthe--Til That Myn Herte Breste': Dorigen and the Difficulty of Keeping Promises in the Franklin's Tale</text>
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                <text>In light of speech-act theory and the conventions of courtly literature, Dorigen's playful promise to Aurelius in FranT is not binding. Aurelius's own interpretation of the promise is willfully self-interested.</text>
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                <text>Far from being rambling, hasty, or incoherent, Dorigen's lament on faithful and faithless wives is a careful working out of the solution to her own dilemma. Starting with stories from Jerome's "Against Jovinian," she develops a favorable, Augustinian resolution: suicide is deplorable, but women are to be admired for loving their husbands, even to the point of death.</text>
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                <text>Medieval iconography of the monkey physician examining a urinal reflects concern about contemporary physicians but may also evoke associations with Christ as salvific doctor. Hardwick briefly considers aspects of Phy-PardL and the Ellesmere portrait of the Physician.</text>
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              <text>Sanok, Catherine.</text>
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              <text>New Medieval Literatures 5 : 177-201, 2002.</text>
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              <text>Physician and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>vxl sac 26:240</text>
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                <text>The Geography of Genre in the Physician's Tale and Pearl</text>
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                <text>PhyT and Pearl both explore the assumption that the communal and anagogical can subsume the individual and ethical, an assumption underlying Fredric Jameson's historicist theorizing. The ending of PhyT indicates the "hermeneutic limits" of virgin saint narratives. Pearl takes the critique even further through its close relations with the saint's life of St. Agnes, exposing not only "incompatible interpretive priorities" but also the "constitutive relationship between them."</text>
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              <text>Puhvel, Martin.</text>
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              <text>Wife of Bath and Her Tale.</text>
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              <text>Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 103 (2002)</text>
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              <text>vxl sac 26:217</text>
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                <text>The Death of Alys of Bath's 'Revelour' Husband</text>
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                <text>Surveys critics who argue that the Wife of Bath murdered her fourth (and perhaps her fifth) husband, compares details of WBP with those of the trial of Alice Kytelar in 1324, and suggests that the Kytelar trial may have influenced Chaucer's creation of the Wife of Bath.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2762029">
              <text>Reeves, Eileen.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2762030">
              <text>Configurations 7.3 : 301-54, 1999.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2762031">
              <text>1999</text>
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              <text>Wife of Bath and Her Tale.</text>
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              <text>Configurations</text>
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              <text>vxl sac 26:218</text>
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                <text>Old Wives' Tales and the New World System: Gilbert, Galileo, and Kepler</text>
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                <text>Reeves traces the evolution of old wives' tales (including WBT) and assesses how such tales represent fancy and superstition in early scientific theories of the Copernican system. However, the tales also promote the theory of extraterrestrial life, which is important to the system.</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2762019">
              <text>Salisbury, Eve.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2762020">
              <text>Eve Salisbury, Georgiana Donavin, and Merrall Llewelyn Price, eds. Domestic Violence in Medieval Texts (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2002), pp. 73-93.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2762021">
              <text>2002</text>
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              <text>Domestic Violence in Medieval Texts .</text>
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              <text>Wife of Bath and Her Tale.</text>
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              <text>Franklin and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>vxl sac 26:219</text>
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                <text>Chaucer's 'Wife,' the Law, and the Middle English Breton Lays</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2762023">
                <text>"Daungerous," the term Alisoun uses to describe Jankyn's love, reflects an ambiguous relation between courtly love and marriage; canon and civil law clarify the nature of physical and psychological violence in WBP and FranT.</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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        <element elementId="110">
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2762009">
              <text>Shaw, W. David.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2762010">
              <text>ELH 66 : 439-60, 1999.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2762011">
              <text>1999</text>
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          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2762013">
              <text>Wife of Bath and Her Tale.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2762014">
              <text>Pardoner and His Tale.</text>
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        <element elementId="100">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2762015">
              <text>ELH 66 (1999)</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2762016">
              <text>vxl sac 26:220</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2762008">
                <text>Masks of the Unconscious: Bad Faith and Casuistry in the Dramatic Monologue</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2762012">
                <text>Reader-response analysis of various dramatic monologues. Shaw focuses on the dramatic monologues of Robert Browning and other Victorians but clarifies the functions of deception, self-deception, casuistry, irony, double irony, and Sartre's concept of "bad faith" by assessing works of Chaucer, Donne, the Earl of Rochester, and others. Shaw describes the Pardoner as a "simple liar" and examines the potential for double ironies in the GP description of the Wife of Bath and in WBP, focusing on "daungerous" (3.151) in the latter.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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        <element elementId="110">
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              <text>Treharne, Elaine.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2762001">
              <text>Elaine Treharne, ed. Writing Gender and Genre in Medieval Literature: Approaches to Old and Middle English Texts (Cambridge: Brewer, 2002), pp. 93-115.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2762002">
              <text>2002</text>
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          <name>Alternative Title</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2762003">
              <text>Writing Gender and Genre in Medieval Literature: Approaches to Old and Middle English Texts.</text>
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          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2762005">
              <text>Wife of Bath and Her Tale.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2762006">
              <text>vxl SAC 26:221</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2761999">
                <text>The Stereotype Confirmed? Chaucer's Wife of Bath</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2762004">
                <text>Compares the Wife of Bath's speech in WBP and Otto Jespersen's folk-linguistic stereotyping of women's language, showing that Chaucer replicates stereotypes of women's language, ultimately undermining the Wife of Bath's authority.</text>
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  <item itemId="268112" public="1" featured="0">
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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        <element elementId="110">
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2761991">
              <text>Matsuda, Takami.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2761992">
              <text>PoeticaT 55 : 75-82, 2001.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2761993">
              <text>2001</text>
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        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2761995">
              <text>Summoner and His Tale.</text>
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          <name>Journal by Volume Number</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2761996">
              <text>Poetica: An International Journal of Linguistic Literary Studies 55 (2001)</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2761997">
              <text>vxl sac 26:222</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2761990">
                <text>The Summoner's Prologue and the Tradition of the Vision of the Afterlife</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2761994">
                <text>Considers SumP to be Chaucer's experiment in and assessment of the genre of the vision of the afterlife, with "possible echoes of the Visio Tnugdali" (Vision of Tundale).</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2761981">
              <text>Jones, Malcolm.</text>
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              <text>Timothy S. Jones and David A. Sprunger, eds. Marvels, Monsters, and Miracles: Studies in the Medieval and Early Modern Imaginations (Kalamazoo, Mich: Medieval Institute Publications, 2002), pp. 203-21.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2761983">
              <text>2002</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2761984">
              <text>2 b&amp; w figs.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2761985">
              <text>Marvels, Monsters, and Miracles: Studies in the Medieval and Early Modern Imaginations.</text>
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              <text>Clerk and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>vxl sac 26:223</text>
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                <text>Monsters of Misogyny: Bigorne and Chicheface-Suite en Fin?</text>
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                <text>Jones surveys in medieval and early modern art and literature the figures of starving and fatted beasts that eat, respectively, obedient wives and complaisant husbands, presented as background to Chaucer's reference to Chichevache in ClT. Includes lists of printed poems and woodcuts.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2761972">
              <text>Lucotti, Claudia.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2761973">
              <text>AnLM 6 : 249-56, 1993-94.</text>
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          <name>Date</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2761974">
              <text>1993</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2761976">
              <text>Clerk and His Tale.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2761977">
              <text>Anuario de Letras Modernas 06 (1993-94)</text>
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              <text>vxl sac 26:224</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2761971">
                <text>Chaucer: Palabras y Silencios. Una Lectura Feminista del 'Cuento del Estudiante'</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2761975">
                <text>Reads the confusions, contradictions, and ambiguities of ClT and its Envoy in light of feminist critical discourse.</text>
              </elementText>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="521447">
                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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        <element elementId="110">
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2761962">
              <text>Burger, Glenn.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2761963">
              <text>SAC 24 : 49-73, 2002.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2761964">
              <text>2002</text>
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          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2761966">
              <text>Merchant and His Tale.</text>
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              <text>Wife of Bath and Her Tale.</text>
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          <name>Journal by Volume Number</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2761968">
              <text>Studies in the Age of Chaucer 24 (2002)</text>
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              <text>vxl sac 26:225</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2761961">
                <text>Present Panic in The Merchant's Tale</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2761965">
                <text>Burger explores how MerT scrutinizes developments in class and gender identities and valuations of marital love and subjectivity that grew out of twelfth-century Gregorian Reform. In direct contrast to WBPT (and in response to ClT), the Merchant "resolutely 'others' his material by emphasizing distance from his life story and by exoticizing it with an Italian knightly setting." January's household and garden embody the "hegemonic masculine subject," while May's actions enact subjectivity and the desire to revise the traditional order, sadistically remaking it.</text>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2761950">
              <text>Osborn, Marijane.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2761951">
              <text>Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2002.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2761952">
              <text>2002</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2761953">
              <text>xviii, 350 pp. : 59 b&amp;w figs.</text>
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              <text>Canterbury Tales--General.</text>
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              <text>Treatise on the Astrolabe.</text>
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          <description/>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2761958">
              <text>Science and Culture, no. 5.</text>
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              <text>vxl sac 26:176</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2761949">
                <text>Time and the Astrolabe in The Canterbury Tales</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2761954">
                <text>Osborn explores how Chaucer used an astrolabe in his composition of CT and explains the use of the instrument in celestial navigation; includes a cutout astrolabe. Throughout most of CT, Chaucer's references to time and place are realistic. Such references have implications for tale order, supporting the "Bradshaw shift," and for dating portions of the poem (and HF). .</text>
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                <text>Osborn considers positions of the sun in GP, MLP, and ParsP; the "astrolabic" amphitheater in KnT and the "Monday night planetary hours" of MilT; allusions to Leo and the Sun in MkT; and the steed of brass (a metaphoric astrolabe) and the chronographia of SqT. Only at the end of the one-day pilgrimage do planetary references take on allegorical dimensions similar to those of Dante.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2761941">
              <text>Pugh, Tison.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2761942">
              <text>SMART 9.2 (2002): 45-60.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2761943">
              <text>2002</text>
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          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2761945">
              <text>Canterbury Tales--General.</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2761946">
              <text>Studies in Medieval and Renaissance Teaching 09 (2002)</text>
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              <text>vxl sac 26:2002</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2761940">
                <text>Chaucer and Genre: A Teaching Model for the Upper-Level Undergraduate Course</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2761944">
                <text>Pugh describes a course plan that focuses on genre expectations and reversals, concentrating on romance in KnT and on the fabliaux of CT.</text>
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