381 25 16470 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor Hurst, Mary L. Published Selected Papers from the West Virginia Shakespeare and Renaissance Association 8 : 1-8, 1983. Date 1983 Chaucer Subject Troilus and Criseyde. Journal by Volume Number Selected Papers from the West Virginia Shakespeare and Renaissance Association 08 (1983) Source vxl sac 26:297 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Shakespeare, Chaucer, and 'False Cressida': A Reinterpretation Description An account of the resource Hurst argues that Shakespeare's Cressida is an "embryonic feminist"; Cressida compares favorably with Chaucer's Criseyde, who was elsewhere demeaned in subsequent accounts. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor Lee, Yeon-Hee. Published Medieval English Studies 9.2 : 73-105, 2001. Date 2001 Chaucer Subject Troilus and Criseyde. Journal by Volume Number Medieval English Studies 9 (2001) Source vxl sac 26:298 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Duality of Fear of Troilus and Criseyde Description An account of the resource Fear motivates the two protagonists of TC, moves them to action, and helps bring about their respective fortunes. In Korean, with English and Korean abstracts. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor Love, Damian. Published English Studies 83 : 391-98, 2002. Date 2002 Chaucer Subject Troilus and Criseyde. Journal by Volume Number English Studies 83 (2002) Source vxl sac 26:299 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 'Al This Peynted Process': Chaucer and the Psychology of Courtly Love Description An account of the resource Assesses Troilus as a courtly lover in TC, as seen through the perspective of Augustine's Confessions. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor Mukherji, Sajni. Published Supriya Chaudhuri and Sukanta Chaudhuri, eds. Writing Over: Medieval to Renaissance (Calcutta: Allied, in collaboration with the Department of English, Jadavpur University, 1996), pp. 1-10. Date 1996 Alternative Title Writing Over: Medieval to Renaissance. Chaucer Subject Wife of Bath and Her Tale. Troilus and Criseyde. Source vxl sac 26: 300 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Thyng Impertinent: Dreaming Women in Chaucer Description An account of the resource Reads the dreams of Criseyde and of the Wife of Bath as "counter discourse" to the male dominant discourse of prophetic dreaming. The dreams of the women are more complex and without clear directives. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor Uebel, Michael. Published ANQ 15.3 : 30-33, 2002. Date 2002 Chaucer Subject Physician and His Tale. Journal by Volume Number ANQ: A Quarterly Journal 15 (2002) Source vxl sac 26:241 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Public Fantasy and the Logic of Sacrifice in The Physician's Tale Description An account of the resource Because violated virginity must be read as a violation of social cohesion, the so-called digressions on guardianship in PhyT are central to the theme of guarding the public good. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor Delasanta, Rodney. Published C&L 51 : 339-62, 2002. Date 2002 Chaucer Subject Pardoner and His Tale. Journal by Volume Number Christianity and Literature 51 (2002) Source vxl sac 26:242 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Putting Off the Old Man and Putting on the New: Ephesians 4:22-24 in Chaucer, Shakespeare, Swift, and Dostoevsky Description An account of the resource The metaphor in Eph. 4:22-24 of putting off old clothes and donning new ones influenced the use of this image in PardT, "King Lear," "Gulliver's Travels," and "The Brothers Karamazov." As the Pardoner's alter ego and a representation of human sinfulness, the Old Man in PardT cannot put off his "forwrappings" without putting on the "hayre clowt" of penitence, as we are reminded in ParsT. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor Fraga Fuentes, María Amelia. Published SELIM 9 : 79-90, 1999. Date 1999 Chaucer Subject Pardoner and His Tale. Journal by Volume Number SELIM: Journal of the Spanish Society for Mediaeval English Language and Literature 09 (1999) Source vxl sac 26:243 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource On the Use of the Old Man Figure in a Medieval and a Renaissance Text Description An account of the resource Compares the figures of the Old Man in PardT and Marlowe's "Doctor Faustus," arguing that each represents the "Christian paradox of moral strength manifesting itself in physical weakness." Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor Jordan, William Chester. Published Sheila Delany, ed. Chaucer and the Jews: Sources, Contexts, Meanings (New York and London: Routledge, 2002), pp. 25-42. Date 2002 Alternative Title Chaucer and the Jews: Sources, Contexts, Meanings. Chaucer Subject Pardoner and His Tale. Source vxl Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Pardoner's 'Holy Jew' Description An account of the resource Examines the framing narratives and the relics in PardT to demonstrate that Chaucer achieves dramatic closure at the end of the Tale with the pilgrims' rejection of the relics. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor Zeikowitz, Richard E. Published College English 65 : 67-80, 2002. Date 2002 Chaucer Subject Pardoner and His Tale. Journal by Volume Number College English 65 (2002) Source vxl sac 26:245 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Befriending the Medieval Queer: A Pedagogy for Literature Classes Description An account of the resource Characterizations of Grendel, the Green Knight, and Chaucer's Pardoner can be used for a "queer pedagogy" based on the theories of Henry Giroux and Stanley Aronowitz. Zeikowitz suggests discussions and written assignments that encourage analysis of the instability of "normal" values in medieval literature, an activity that can help students produce a more just society. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor Zeikowitz, Richard E. Published Dalhousie Review 82.1 : 55-73, 2002. Date 2002 Chaucer Subject Pardoner and His Tale. Journal by Volume Number Dalhousie Review 82 (2002) Source vxl sac 26:246 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Silenced but Not Stifled: The Disruptive Queer Power of Chaucer's Pardoner Description An account of the resource The Pardoner's "altercation" with the Host "reveals how queer power disarms heteronormativity." In GP and PardPT, the Pardoner does not fit modern categories of "gay" or "bisexual"; his queerness is aligned with several forms of verbal and social power. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor Finlayson, John. Published Chaucer Review 36 : 336-51, 2002. Date 2002 Chaucer Subject Shipman and His Tale. Journal by Volume Number Chaucer Review 36 (2002) Source vxl sac 26:247 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer's Shipman's Tale, Boccaccio, and the 'Civilizing' of Fabliau Description An account of the resource When seen in light of probable sources in Decameron 8.1-2 and contrasted with Chaucer's other fabliaux, ShT is an "elegantly sophisticated comedy of bourgeois values [written] by a socially and intellectually elevated vintner's son." Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor Fulton, Helen. Published ChauR 36 : 311-28, 2002. Date 2002 Chaucer Subject Shipman and His Tale. Journal by Volume Number Chaucer Review 36 (2002) Source vxl sac 26:248 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mercantile Ideology in Chaucer's Shipman's Tale Description An account of the resource Although critics often criticize the monk and wife of ShT for their lack of morals, the merchant's own dealings are not without blame. His bill of exchange may be illegal, and it parallels the arrangement between monk and wife. All three characters seek profit and undermine the "common good." Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor Sayers, William. Published ChauR 37 : 145-58, 2002. Date 2002 Chaucer Subject Shipman and His Tale. General Prologue to the Canterbury Tales. Journal by Volume Number Chaucer Review 37 (2002) Source vxl sac 26:249 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer's Shipman and the Law Marine Description An account of the resource Examines books of medieval maritime law (e.g., the "Oakbook of Southhampton," the "Tavola Amalfitana," and the "Consulat de Mar") to argue that the Shipman of GP knew the law, "worked the system," probably engaged in smuggling, and exploited mercantile agreements-all to maintain his crew and turn a profit. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor Calabrese, Michael. Published TSLL 44 : 66-91, 2002. Date 2002 Chaucer Subject Prioress and Her Tale. Journal by Volume Number Texas Studies in Literature and Language 44 (2002) Source vxl sac 26:250 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Performing the Prioress: 'Conscience' and Responsibility in Studies of Chaucer's Prioress's Tale Description An account of the resource Focusing on the relationship between images of violence in PrT and real history, critics seek to redress history's ills. Recent readings reflect professional and institutional assumptions. While not "de-historicizing" PrT, critics may "re-contextualize the Prioress, in both teaching and scholarship, into the literary world" of CT. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor D'Arcy, Anne Marie. Published Elaine Treharne, ed. Writing Gender and Genre in Medieval Literature: Approaches to Old and Middle English Texts (Cambridge: Brewer, 2002), pp. 117-36. Date 2002 Alternative Title Writing Gender and Genre in Medieval Literature: Approaches to Old and Middle English Texts. Chaucer Subject Prioress and Her Tale. Source vxl sac 26:251 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 'Cursed Folk of Herodes Al New': Supersessionist Typology and Chaucer's Prioress Description An account of the resource Examines traditional depictions of Jews; points to a parallel between the murder of the clergeon in PrT and ritual murder; links the clergeon with Christ and the Prioress with the Virgin; and concludes that PrT functions as a divinely inspired condemnation of blasphemers, doubters, and the Prioress's detractors. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor Depres, Denise L. Published Sheila Delany, ed. Chaucer and the Jews: Sources, Contexts, Meanings (New York and London: Routledge, 2002), pp. 145-64. Date 2002 Alternative Title Chaucer and the Jews: Sources, Contexts, Meanings. Chaucer Subject Prioress and Her Tale. Source vxl SAC 26: 252 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Protean Jew in the Vernon Manuscript Description An account of the resource Unlike the isolated narrative of Jews in CT (PrT), various narratives in the Vernon manuscript investigate the Jew in markedly different ways, going beyond demonization of Jews to debate their essential nature. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor Halfim, Miriam. Published Rio de Janeiro : Civilização Brasileira, 1984. Date 1984 Physical Description 99 pp. Chaucer Subject Prioress and Her Tale. Source vxl sac 26:253 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource O Judeu em Chaucer, Marlowe, e Shakespeare Description An account of the resource Halfim summarizes social conditions of Jews in early English society and assesses the depiction of Jews in PrT (pp. 22-34), Marlowe's "The Jew of Malta," and Shakespeare's "The Merchant of Venice." The authors of all three works reiterate Christian notions of Jewish inferiority. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor Haas, Kurtis B. Published Publications of the Medieval Association of the Midwest 5 : 58-73, 1998. Date 1998 Chaucer Subject Tale of Sir Thopas. Shipman and His Tale. Journal by Volume Number Publications of the Medieval Association of the Midwest 05 (1998) Source vxl sac 26:254 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Reading Genre Play Between the Shipman's Tale and the Tale of Sir Thopas Description An account of the resource Haas examines Th as the "unstable center" of Fragment 7, especially in its parodies of the "problems of mercantile culture" initiated in ShT: money and sexuality. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor Mandel, Jerome. Published Sheila Delany, ed. Chaucer and the Jews: Sources, Contexts, Meanings (New York and London: Routledge, 2002), pp. 59-68. Date 2002 Alternative Title Chaucer and the Jews: Sources, Contexts, Meanings. Chaucer Subject Tale of Sir Thopas. Source vxl SAC 26:255 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 'Jewes Werk' in Sir Thopas Description An account of the resource The high reputation for fine Jewish artistry in Chaucer's lifetime contributes to the humor of Th. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor Bowden, Betsy. Published Oral Tradition 17 : 169-207, 2002. Date 2002 Chaucer Subject Tale of Melibee. Journal by Volume Number Oral Tradition 17 (2002) Source vxl sac 26:256 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ubiquitous Format? What Ubiquitous Format? Chaucer's Tale of Melibee as a Proverb Collection Description An account of the resource Bowden defines "sentence," "sawe," and "proverbe" in relation to terms used in the French and Latin sources of Mel, comparing Mel to pedagogical proverb collections to explore Chaucer's "creative interaction with oral tradition." Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor Kobayashi, Yoshiko. Published PoeticaT 55 : 83-104, 2001. Date 2001 Chaucer Subject Monk and His Tale. Sources, Analogues, and Literary Relations. Journal by Volume Number Poetica: An International Journal of Linguistic Literary Studies 55 (2001) Source vxl saxc 26:257 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chivalry and History in the 'Monk's Tale' Description An account of the resource Examines the depictions of Alexander, Caesar, and Peter of Cyprus in MkT in relation to their sources, arguing that the Monk attempts to impose inappropriate chivalric values on historical events; the Knight's interruption underscores the Monk's inadequate grasp of history. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor Baswell, Christopher. Published New Medieval Literatures 5 : 8-58, 2002. Date 2002 Chaucer Subject Nun's Priest and His Tale. Journal by Volume Number New Medieval Literatures 05 (2002) Source vxl sac 26:258 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Aeneas in 1381 Description An account of the resource The calming of an "urban rabble" in Aeneid 1.148-56 was a topos in reports and rumors that surrounded the uprising of 1381 and in reports of similar conflicts at Lynn and London in 1377. Baswell explores the "anxieties, hopes, and tensions" of the medieval uprisings and examines their relationships with conceptual analogues in rememberings of Troy, Carthage, and Rome. NPT links the uprising with these cities briefly and provocatively, and memories of it haunt late-medieval English versions of the Aeneas story. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor Pelen, Marc M. Published ChauR 36 : 329-35, 2002. Date 2002 Chaucer Subject Nun's Priest and His Tale. Journal by Volume Number Chaucer Review 36 (2002) Source vxl sac 26:259 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Escape of Chaucer's Chauntecleer: A Brief Revaluation Description An account of the resource Chaucer treats NPT in his characteristically ambiguous manner--transcending his sources, denying, or transfiguring them. The Nun's Priest loses control of his argument, but the poet does not. In reducing the Fall of Man to a literal episode, Chaucer plays a joke on his readers. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor Sanok, Catherine. Published JMEMSt 32 : 269-303, 2002. Date 2002 Chaucer Subject Second Nun and Her Tale. Journal by Volume Number Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies 32 (2002) Source vxl sac 26:260 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Performing Feminine Sanctity in Late Medieval England: Parish Guilds, Saints' Plays, and the Second Nun's Tale Description An account of the resource Sanok assesses the urban performances of virgin martyr and Marian plays and the "exemplarity" of female saints' legends, examining how authorities sought to contain or appropriate the subversive potential of female piety. Considers SNT and how the Nun reenacts Cecilia's performance of female preaching; SNP and SNT comment "on the status of women within late medieval religious practice." Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Chaucer Bibliography Online ChaucerItem2 Items for the Chaucer Database Author / Editor Fumo, Jamie C. Published Mediaevalia 23 : 1-37, 2002. Date 2002 Chaucer Subject Merchant and His Tale. Journal by Volume Number Mediaevalia 23 (2002) Source vxl sac 26:226 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource An Interpretive Crux in Januarie's Garden: Chaucer's Merchant's Tale and the Crucifixion Description An account of the resource Building on three generally acknowledged biblical motifs in MerT, Fumo suggests "the presence, indeed the dominance, of a fourth": the Crucifixion. Januarie's pain in marriage is associated with "Christ's suffering on the cross"; however, the pear-tree climax parodies events associated with the Crucifixion, the husband is complicit in his own suffering, and the climax is an "enactment" of Januarie's "spiritual choice . . . to reject Christian truth." Whatever the Merchant's intentions in telling the Tale, he is "blind" to its implications.