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              <text>Ohno, Hideshi.</text>
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              <text>Osamu Imahayashi, Yoshiyuki Nakao, and Michiko Ogura, eds. Aspects of the History of the English Language and Literature: Selected Papers Read at SHELL 2009, Hiroshima (New York; Peter Lang, 2010), pp. 115-29.</text>
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              <text>Aspects of the History of the English Language and Literature: Selected Papers Read at SHELL 2009, Hiroshima.</text>
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              <text>vxl sac 34:106</text>
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                <text>The Impersonal and Personal Constructions in the Language of Chaucer</text>
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                <text>Tabulates features of impersonal usage in Chaucer, Gower, and Langland, using a variety of verbs and commenting on the conditions of usage.</text>
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              <text>Sawada, Mayumi.</text>
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              <text>Osamu Imahayashi, Yoshiyuki Nakao, and Michiko Ogura, eds. Aspects of the History of the English Language and Literature: Selected Papers Read at SHELL 2009, Hiroshima (New York; Peter Lang, 2010), pp. 131-42.</text>
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              <text>Aspects of the History of the English Language and Literature: Selected Papers Read at SHELL 2009, Hiroshima.</text>
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              <text>vxl sac 34:107</text>
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                <text>Infinitival Complementation in Chaucer: The Case of Command</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Tallies uses of "that" clauses and "to" clauses after the verb "command" in Chaucer's works, documenting their frequencies in various syntactic contexts.</text>
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              <text>Taylor, Karla.</text>
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              <text>Susanna Fein and David Raybin, eds. Chaucer: Contemporary Approaches (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2010), pp. 99-115.</text>
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              <text>Chaucer: Contemporary Approaches.</text>
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              <text>Reeve and His Tale</text>
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              <text>Tale of Melibee</text>
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              <text>vxl sac 34:108</text>
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                <text>Language in Use</text>
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                <text>Taylor surveys the development of attention to language and linguistics in Chaucer studies, commenting on the usefulness of developments that enable increased attention to sociolinguistic uses rather than philological forms. She reads RvT as a work about the "social nature and uses of linguistic difference" and characterizes the Reeve (as opposed to the Miller) as a man caught in recalcitrant "linguistic localism." She observes in Mel the "emergence of a new civic discourse in English," focusing on its use of deliberacioun and arbitracioun.</text>
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              <text>Trobevšek Drobnak, Frančiška.</text>
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              <text>Linguistica 50 (2010): 179-95.</text>
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              <text>2010</text>
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              <text>Linguistica 50 (2010).</text>
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              <text>vxl sac 34:109</text>
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                <text>Distribution of Infinitive Markers in Chaucer's Canterbury Tales</text>
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                <text>Tabulates and analyzes various combinations of Middle English infinitive markers--the -e(n) ending, the particle "to," and the particle phrase "for to"--finding that they occur in no identifiable grammatical or semantic patterns of distribution in the first 1000 lines of CT, here taken as representative of post-thirteenth-century English.</text>
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              <text>Windeatt, Barry.</text>
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              <text>Anglistik 21.1 (2010): 37-48.</text>
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              <text>Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations</text>
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              <text>Troilus and Criseyde</text>
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              <text>Anglistik 21 (2010)</text>
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              <text>vxl sac 34:110</text>
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                <text>Translating 'Troilus and Criseyde': Modernizing the Courtly Idiom</text>
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                <text>Comments on translations/modernizations of TC from the seventeenth through the twentieth centuries. Considers modern problems with reproducing the nuances of Chaucer's courtly idiolect, particularly "courtly value words" such as "goodly," "fresshe," "wommanly," and "manly" and the "toal modulations" of, for example, "game" and "cheere" or manere."</text>
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              <text>Nolan, Maura.</text>
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              <text>Brian Cummings and James Simpson, eds. Cultural Reformations: Medieval and Renaissance in Literary History (New York: Oxford University Press), pp. 396-419.</text>
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              <text>Cultural Reformations: Medieval and Renaissance in Literary History.</text>
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              <text>Style and Versification.</text>
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              <text>Truth</text>
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              <text>vxl sac 34:91</text>
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                <text>Nolan exemplifies the continuity of English versification through close metrical analyses of samples from Chaucer (Truth), Lydgate, and Wyatt. Each text "displays inherited forms at the very limits of their capacities."</text>
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              <text>Tani, Akinobu.</text>
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              <text>John Ole Askedal, Ian Roberts, and Tomonori Matsushita, eds. Noam Chomsky and Language Descriptions (Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2010), pp. 149-68.</text>
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              <text>Askedal, John Ole, ed.</text>
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              <text>Matsushita, Tomonori, ed.</text>
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          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2788692">
              <text>Style and Versification.</text>
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                <text>The Word Pairs in Chaucer's Verse in Comparison with Those in His Prose</text>
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                <text>Tani examines the word pairs or doublets in Fragment A of CT and those in Chaucer's prose texts. The pairs are used for rhyme and for generic and stylistic differentiation among verse texts.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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              <text>Trim, Richard.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
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              <text>New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2788678">
              <text>2007</text>
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2788679">
              <text>xv, 231 pp.: 44 b&amp;w figs.</text>
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2788681">
              <text>Style and Versification.</text>
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              <text>vxl sac 34:93</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Metaphor Networks: The Comparative Evolution of Figurative Language</text>
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                <text>Describes the historical evolution of figurative language, especially metaphors, identifying patterns of development. Metaphors depend on images in the past; new metaphors are created through linkage to core concepts or "underlying conceptual metaphors." Trim documents the legacy of English metaphors that pertain to love, focusing on Chaucer's works as a case study for comparing medieval and modern metaphors and for exploring the Latinate roots of English love metaphors.</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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        <element elementId="110">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2788666">
              <text>Zarins, Kim.</text>
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          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2788667">
              <text>Elisabeth Dutton, with John Hines and R. F. Yeager, eds. John Gower, Trilingual Poet: Language, Translation, and Tradition (Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 2010), pp. 239-53.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2788668">
              <text>2010</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2788669">
              <text>John Gower, Trilingual Poet: Language, Translation, and Tradition.</text>
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          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2788671">
              <text>Style and Versification</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="2788672">
              <text>Canterbury Tales--General</text>
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        <element elementId="109">
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              <text>vxl sac 34:94</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2788665">
                <text>Rich Words: Gower's 'Rime Riche' in Dramatic Action</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2788670">
                <text>Zarins assesses Gower's and Chaucer's uses of rime riche ("in which rhyme patterns appear identical but diverge in meaning"), focusing on instances in which the device lends seriousness (or mock seriousness) in characters' dialogue. Appends a partial list of instances from "Confessio Amantis" and CT.</text>
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  <item itemId="270699" public="1" featured="0">
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="521447">
                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2788654">
              <text>Davidson, Mary Catherine.</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2788656">
              <text>2010</text>
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2788657">
              <text>211 p.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2788659">
              <text>Language and Word Studies</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="2788660">
              <text>Canterbury Tales--General</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2788661">
              <text>Troilus and Criseyde</text>
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          <name>Series</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2788662">
              <text>The New Middle Ages.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2788663">
              <text>vxl sac 34:95</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
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              <elementText elementTextId="2788653">
                <text>Medievalism, Multilingualism, and Chaucer</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2788658">
                <text>In late medieval England, "code-switching" among English, French, and Latin was linked to literacy and social prestige, not to aberrant or nonconformist behavior; code-switching was a means to articulate social identity. Chaucer distanced his projects from attitudes of alleged "masculine" Anglophone monolingualism. He viewed his Continental counterparts not as linguistic inferiors, but as writers to be emulated; English was linked strongly to orality and, thus, to dialectical "diversite." Multilingualism constituted power. Code-switching into Latin and French gave Chaucer's language an authority not available in English alone. Davidson refers to GP, NPT, PardT, WBT, SumT, FrT, and TC, along with works by Gower and Langland.</text>
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  </item>
  <item itemId="270698" public="1" featured="0">
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="521447">
                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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            </element>
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      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="110">
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2788644">
              <text>Fujiwara, Yasuaki.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2788645">
              <text>Studies in Languages and Cultures [Gengo Bunka Ronshu ](Tsukuba University) 57 (2001): 1-14.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2788646">
              <text>2001</text>
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          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2788648">
              <text>Language and Word Studies.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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          <name>Journal by Volume Number</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2788649">
              <text>Studies in Languages and Cultures (Tsukuba University) 57 (2001).</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="2788650">
              <text>Gengo Bunka Ronshu 57 (2001).</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2788651">
              <text>vxl sac 34:96</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2788643">
                <text>Expletive 'There' in Chaucer</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2788647">
                <text>Examines the characteristics of Chaucer's usage of the expletive "there." In Japanese.</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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    </elementSetContainer>
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  <item itemId="270697" public="1" featured="0">
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="521447">
                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
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      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="110">
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2788634">
              <text>Healey, Antonette diPaolo.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2788635">
              <text>Osamu Imahayashi, Yoshiyuki Nakao, and Michiko Ogura, eds. Aspects of the History of the English Language and Literature: Selected Papers Read at SHELL 2009, Hiroshima (New York; Peter Lang, 2010), pp. 3-18.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2788636">
              <text>2010</text>
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          <name>Alternative Title</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2788637">
              <text>Aspects of the History of the English Language and Literature: Selected Papers Read at SHELL 2009, Hiroshima.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2788639">
              <text>Language and Word Studies</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="2788640">
              <text>Troilus and Criseyde</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2788641">
              <text>vxl sac 34:97</text>
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2788633">
                <text>'Heat' in Old English and in Chaucer's Creation of Metaphors of Love</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2788638">
                <text>The semantic field of "heat" includes emotional connotations in Old English, but Chaucer evokes new oxymoronic nuances when he uses it in Troilus's song, TC 1.400-420.</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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  <item itemId="270696" public="1" featured="0">
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="521447">
                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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            </element>
          </elementContainer>
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        <element elementId="110">
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2788625">
              <text>Horobin, Simon.</text>
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        <element elementId="98">
          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2788626">
              <text>Corinne Saunders, ed. A Companion to Medieval Poetry (Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 2010), pp. 181-95.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2788627">
              <text>2010</text>
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        <element elementId="108">
          <name>Alternative Title</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2788628">
              <text>A Companion to Medieval Poetry.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="102">
          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2788630">
              <text>Language and Word Studies.</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="109">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2788631">
              <text>vxl sac 34:98</text>
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              <text>Horobin, Simon.</text>
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              <text>Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 110 (2009).</text>
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                <text>Traditional English? Chaucerian Methods of Word-Formation</text>
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                <text>Horobin exemplifies how Chaucer used traditional methods of word formation to expand English vocabulary, creating new words and meaning by adding prefixes and suffixes, shifting grammatical function, and compounding words.</text>
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              <text>Jimura, Akiyuki.</text>
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              <text>Osamu Imahayashi, Yoshiyuki Nakao, and Michiko Ogura, eds. Aspects of the History of the English Language and Literature: Selected Papers Read at SHELL 2009, Hiroshima (New York; Peter Lang, 2010),, pp. 93-100.</text>
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              <text>Troilus and Criseyde</text>
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              <text>vxl sac 34:100</text>
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                <text>Impersonal Constructions and Narrative Structure in Chaucer</text>
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                <text>Jimura cites instances of impersonal constructions in TC and KnT in which verbs of "occurrence or happening" (e.g., "befal," "hap") are used to present important events and to suggest inevitability.</text>
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              <text>Spencer, Alice.</text>
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              <text>Standing in the Shadow of the Master?</text>
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              <text>Chaucer's Influence and Later Allusion</text>
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              <text>Legend of Good Women</text>
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              <text>vxl sac 34:81</text>
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                <text>Osbern Bokenham Reads the 'Prologue' to the Legend of Good Women: The Life of St. Margaret</text>
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                <text>Bokenham repeatedly refers to himself as an "auctor" as a way to extricate himself from the classicizing, conventional, and paternal shadow of Chaucer.</text>
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              <text>Sponsler, Claire.</text>
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              <text>American Literary History 22 (2010): 831-37.</text>
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              <text>American Literary History 22 (2010).</text>
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              <text>vxl sac 34:82</text>
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                <text>A Response to Candace Barrington</text>
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                <text>Sponsler comments on the "appropriation theory" underlying Candace Barrington's analysis of a Chaucer-themed Mardi Gras pageant of 1914, raising broader questions about the ideology, methodology, and disciplinary implications of "American medievalism." See Barrington, "'Forget what you have learned': The Mistick Krewe's 1914 Mardi Gras Chaucer."</text>
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              <text>Sweet, W. H. E.</text>
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              <text>Kathleen A. Bishop, ed. Standing in the Shadow of the Master? Chaucerian Influences and Interpretations (Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars, 2010), pp. 28-45.</text>
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              <text>Standing in the Shadow of the Master?</text>
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              <text>Chaucer's Influence and Later Allusion.</text>
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              <text>vxl sac 34:83</text>
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                <text>Sweet examines works by William Dunbar and Robert Henryson as well as lesser-known texts to argue that, like Chaucer, Lydgate had significant influence on the development of literature in Scotland.</text>
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              <text>Vankeerbergen, Bernadette C.</text>
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              <text>Dissertation Abstracts International A70.10 (2010): n.p.</text>
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              <text>House of Fame</text>
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              <text>Dissertation Abstracts International 70 (2010).</text>
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              <text>vxl sac 34:84</text>
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                <text>Rhetoric, Truth, and Lydgate's 'Troy Book'</text>
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                <text>Argues that Lydgate's allusions to HF are part of a larger effort to deny the accessibility of truth through language, which the author describes as a "Chaucerian poetics of ambiguity and skepticism."</text>
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              <text>Walker, Greg.</text>
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              <text>Brian Cummings and James Simpson, eds. Cultural Reformations: Medieval and Renaissance in Literary History (New York: Oxford University Press), pp. 321-41.</text>
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              <text>Cultural Reformations: Medieval and Renaissance in Literary History.</text>
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                <text>Folly</text>
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                <text>Includes comments on Chaucer's combination of jest and earnest as it was admired by Thomas Heywood and Thomas More.</text>
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              <text>Wiggins, Alison.</text>
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              <text>Anne Lawrence-Mathers and Phillipa Hardman, eds. Women and Writing, c.1340-c.1650: The Domestication of Print Culture ([York]: York Medieval Press, 2010), pp. 77-89.</text>
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              <text>Hardman, Phillipa, ed.</text>
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              <text>Facsimiles, Editions, and Translations</text>
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                <text>Frances Wolfreston's Chaucer</text>
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                <text>Examines the readers' marks in an annotated copy of the 1550 Thynne edition of Chaucer's Workes (Folger STC 5074 Copy 2), identifying its century-long provenance (1578-1677) of female ownership and commenting on how notes, bracketed passages, and underlinings show that it may have been used to promote female virtuous living.</text>
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              <text>Foster, Michael.</text>
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              <text>Medieval and Early Modern English Studies 18 (2010): 341-60.</text>
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          <name>Date</name>
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              <text>2010</text>
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              <text>Style and Versification.</text>
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              <text>Medieval and Early Modern English Studies 18 (2010).</text>
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              <text>vxl sac 34:87</text>
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                <text>The Myth of an Oral Style in Chaucer's Poetry</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>It is "anachronistic to assume" that Chaucer distinguished between the "reading and hearing of his literary works." His "style is best understood as a versatile adaptation of language to suit both silent and vocalized readings."</text>
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              <text>Johnston, Andrew James.</text>
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              <text>Claudia Lange, Ursula Schaefer, and Göran Wolf, eds. Linguistics, Ideology, and the Discourse of Linguistic Nationalism (Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2010), pp. 37-51.</text>
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          <name>Date</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2788527">
              <text>2010</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>Linguistics, Ideology, and the Discourse of Linguistic Nationalism.</text>
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              <text>Lange, Claudia, ed.</text>
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              <text>Schaefer, Ursula, ed.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2788531">
              <text>Wolf, Göran, ed.</text>
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          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2788533">
              <text>Style and Versification.</text>
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              <text>vxl sac 34:88</text>
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                <text>'Rum, Ram, Ruf': Chaucer and Linguistic Whig History</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
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                <text>Johnston scrutinizes Chaucer's comments on alliterative poetry in ParsP, interpreting them as evidence of a power struggle in England's evolving literary field. By presenting aesthetic difference as linguistic difference, Chaucer consciously presents alliterative poetry as provincial and old-fashioned and seeks to banish it from the literary scene.</text>
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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              <text>Nakao, Yoshiyuki.</text>
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          <description/>
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              <text>Osamu Imahayashi, Yoshiyuki Nakao, and Michiko Ogura, eds. Aspects of the History of the English Language and Literature: Selected Papers Read at SHELL 2009, Hiroshima (New York; Peter Lang, 2010), pp. 143-57.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="2788516">
              <text>2010</text>
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          <name>Alternative Title</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2788517">
              <text>Aspects of the History of the English Language and Literature: Selected Papers Read at SHELL 2009, Hiroshima.</text>
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          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
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              <text>Style and Versification</text>
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              <text>Language and Word Studies</text>
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              <text>Troilus and Criseyde</text>
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              <text>vxl sac 34:89</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Chaucer's Ambiguity in Voice</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Draws from TC examples of how voice contributes to ambiguity, considering how "suprasegmentals" and various phonetic and prosodic features contribute to voice.</text>
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  <item itemId="270684" public="1" featured="0">
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                  <text>Chaucer Bibliography Online</text>
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              <text>Nicholson, Peter.</text>
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          <name>Published</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>Elisabeth Dutton, with John Hines and R. F. Yeager, eds. John Gower, Trilingual Poet: Language, Translation, and Tradition (Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 2010), pp. 206-16.</text>
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        <element elementId="114">
          <name>Date</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2788507">
              <text>2010</text>
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              <text>John Gower, Trilingual Poet: Language, Translation, and Tradition.</text>
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          <name>Chaucer Subject</name>
          <description/>
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              <text>Style and Versification.</text>
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        <element elementId="109">
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            <elementText elementTextId="2788511">
              <text>vxl sac 34:90</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2788504">
                <text>Irony v. Paradox in the 'Confessio Amantis'</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2788509">
                <text>Nicholson asserts that critics' "willingness to detect irony at every turn" is appropriate in Chaucer studies, but not in Gower studies, arguing that paradox is a recurrent and sustained mode of thought and expression in Gower's "Confessio." Surveys examples of irony in Chaucer's works.</text>
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